CHEMISTRY 8
LEWIS STRUCTURES
DO NOW
Name the following compounds and tell if you think it is
ionic, polar covalent, or nonpolar covalent:
1. IF4
2. PdS2
LEARNING AND LANGUAGE OBJECTIVES
UNIT 4 – CHEMICAL BONDING
Learning Objective Language Objective
The student will be able to: Students will be able to read,
write, speak, and define the
vocabulary words below:
- Draw Lewis structures for simple
molecules up to sp3
Covalent Bond Polar
- Explain covalent bonds are due to the Nonpolar Polarity
sharing of electrons Electronegativity Molecule
Lewis structure Ionic Bond
Greek Prefix Dissociate
LEWIS STRUCTURES
Lewis structures - structural formulas for molecules and polyatomic
ions that represent all valence electrons
*Can draw for single elements, ions or bonds.
Ex: Element Ion Bonds
LEWIS STRUCTURES WITH
ELEMENTS
Draw the Lewis structure for the following elements:
1. P 2. C
3. Ca 4. O
5. Cl
LEWIS STRUCTURES WITH
COVALENT BONDING
Steps:
1. Find the total number of valence electrons for all atoms in the
compound.
2. Draw the skeleton structure of the molecule.
3. Distribute the remaining valence electrons
4. Make double or triple bonds so that all atoms have a full octet.
Examples:
LET’S TRY SOME
(EXAMPLES ON p. 182 OF WORKBOOK)
1. H2 2. Cl2
3. HCl 4. NH3
TICKET OUT
Write the Lewis structure for the following:
CH4
F2
DO NOW
LEARNING AND LANGUAGE OBJECTIVES
UNIT 4 – CHEMICAL BONDING
Learning Objective Language Objective
The student will be able to: Students will be able to read,
write, speak, and define the
vocabulary words below:
- Draw Lewis structures for more
complex compounds
Covalent Bond Polar
- Explain covalent bonds are due to the Nonpolar Polarity
sharing of electrons Electronegativity Molecule
Lewis structure Ionic Bond
Greek Prefix Dissociate
MORE COMPLEX LEWIS STRUCTURES
1. Draw the Lewis structure for PO33-
EXCEPTIONS TO THE OCTET RULE: B, BE
Draw Lewis structures for
1. BF3
2. BeCl2
BORON
BERYLLIUM
2s22p1 2s2
• 5 e for full valence shell • 6 e for full valence shell
• only 3 e to share • only 2 e to share
• 3 covalent bonds • 2 covalent bonds
• Boron can most often only form Beryllium can most often
a sextet only form a quartet
PERIOD
ELEMENTS: P, S, CL (AND DOWN FROM
THERE)
Draw:
1. PCl5
2. SF6
HYPERVALENT MOLECULES
• can apply to Period 3 or higher elements
• hypervalent elements: more than 8 valence electrons
• place extra electrons on the central atom F
• e.g. Sulfur tetrafluoride (SF4) F S F
F-
octet rule
compulsory
10 valence electrons
on sulfur
F
octet rule
-S- flexible
GENERAL GUIDELINES
• C, N, O, F obey the octet rule
• B, Be usually < 8 valence
e’s
• Period 2 never exceed octet
• Period 3 and greater octet or greater
RESONANCE: STRUCTURAL AVERAGES
Draw:
1. CO32-
The bonds are somewhere
between single and double
2. O3 in size.
3. NO3-
EXIT TICKET
Draw the following Lewis Structures:
1. F2O
2. HCN
3. IF5
4. SO3
