Area Familiarization
FIRE ALARM
&
FIRE FIGHTING
HUSSAIN SHAHEEN,
FSO
FIRE SAFETY MANAGEMENT
SERVICES
FSMS…. Its role and full form
What is FIRE??
You need it!!! Or Don’t!!!???
Elements of fire..
FIRE ALARM SYSTEM
Fire Detection Devices
Control Module
Fire Door
AHU
Fire Indication Devices
Elevator
Monitoring Module
LPG
Fire Telephone
Fire Alarm Panel
A fire alarm panel is the central hub of a fire alarm system, responsible
for monitoring and controlling all connected devices, such as smoke
detectors, heat detectors, and manual call points. When a detector
senses a fire, it sends a signal to the panel, which then processes the
information and triggers the appropriate alarms, including visual and
audible alerts. The panel also displays the location and status of the
alarms, allowing responders to quickly identify and address the fire.
QRI SPECIFICATIONS:-
Node:- 5
Loop:- 40
No of Devices:- 4163
No of Panels:-12
Smoke Detector
The Siemens HFP 11 smoke detector is a photoelectric device
designed to detect smoke particles in the air. It uses a light
source and a photosensitive sensor; when smoke enters the
sensing chamber, it scatters the light, which is then detected by
the sensor, triggering the alarm. The detector is equipped with
a microprocessor that evaluates the smoke levels and reduces
false alarms by distinguishing between actual smoke and other
particles like dust or steam.
Heat Detector
The Siemens HFPT 11 heat detector is designed to sense rapid
increases in temperature, indicating the presence of a fire. It uses a
thermistor or a rate-of-rise sensor to detect temperature changes.
When the temperature rises quickly or exceeds a preset threshold
value of 57C, the sensor triggers the alarm.
Manual Pull Station
The HMS D Manual Pull Station when activated by pulling down
the lever, it sends a signal to the control panel, indicating a fire
alarm. The lever remains locked in place until the device is reset
with an Allen key. This ensures that the alarm cannot be easily
dismissed without proper resetting.
Remote Alarm Lamp
The Siemens RL-HC Remote Alarm Lamp is designed to
visually indicate when an associated fire detector is in alarm.
It is typically used in situations where the detector is not
easily visible, such as in false ceilings or behind obstructions.
When the detector detects smoke or heat, it sends a signal to
the remote lamp, causing its red LED to light up
Sounder & Strobe
The SEF-MCR-R sounder and strobe is a notification appliance
designed for fire safety. The sounder produces a loud, clear alarm
tone, while the strobe provides visual alerts with a flash rate of one
flash per second. This dual-alert system helps ensure that everyone in the
building can quickly become aware of the emergency and evacuate safely.
Mimic Panel
The Siemens Fire Finder mimic panel is a visual
representation of the fire alarm system's status. It displays
the layout of the protected area, showing the locations of
detectors, manual call points, and other devices. When an
alarm is triggered, the mimic panel highlights the specific
device or zone in alarm, providing a clear and immediate
visual indication of the problem area.
Fire Telephone
A fire telephone, also known as a firefighter's telephone, is a
communication device used by firefighters to communicate within a
building during an emergency when their radios might not work
effectively. It operates on a dedicated, standalone telephone system
connected to the fire command center. Firefighters can plug into wall
jacks placed throughout the building, usually near stairwells and
elevators, to talk directly with the command center
Fire Fighting SYSTEMS
Sprinkler System
A sprinkler system is an automatic fire suppression
system designed to detect and extinguish fires at an
early stage. It consists of a network of pipes connected
to a water supply and sprinkler heads. When a fire
occurs, the heat rises to 57˚C the cover plate will fall
away, exposing the sprinkler head. The heat-sensitive
element inside the sprinkler head activates at 68˚C,
releasing water directly onto the fire to control and
extinguish it.
Pre action System
A pre action fire suppression system is designed to minimize the
risk of accidental water discharge, making it ideal for
environments with sensitive equipment or valuable items. It
operates in two steps: first, a fire detection system (like smoke
detectors) identifies a fire and signals the control panel. Second,
when the individual sprinkler heads break due to heat from fire
the control panel sense this to confirms it is a real fire and opens
the pre-action valve, allowing water to fill the pipes, releasing
water directly onto the fire. This dual-trigger mechanism ensures
water is only released in verified fire conditions, reducing the risk
of water damage from false alarms.
Kitchen Hood System
The Ansul R-102 Kitchen Hood Fire Suppression System is
designed to protect commercial kitchen areas by detecting and
suppressing fires. It uses a combination of heat detectors and
manual pull stations to activate the system. When a fire is
detected, the system releases a wet chemical agent that
suppresses the flames and cools the cooking equipment and
surrounding area. The system also includes automatic shutoff
features for gas and electrical power to prevent further fire
spread.
Fire Hose Reel
The fire hose reel is a firefighting equipment designed to provide a
continuous supply of water for fire suppression. It consists of a hose
wound around a reel, which can be manually or automatically operated.
When activated, the hose is pulled out from the reel, allowing water to
flow through it. The Fire hose reel is suitable for use only on Class A fires,
which involve ordinary combustibles like wood, paper, and textiles.
Fire Door
A Fire Door is designed to withstand fire and smoke for up to
two hours, providing critical protection and allowing ample time
for safe evacuation during a fire emergency. Constructed from
fire-resistant materials, these doors help contain the spread of
fire and smoke, maintaining their structural integrity under
extreme temperatures
Fire Hydrant
A fire hydrant is a critical piece of firefighting infrastructure that provides a
ready source of water during emergencies. It is connected to the underground
water supply system and consists of a valve, nozzle, and connectors for fire
hoses. When firefighters need water to combat a fire, they open the valve
using a specialized wrench, allowing water to flow from the hydrant through
the connected hoses to the fire.
Fire Extinguisher
Dry Chemical
Powder
It is used in fighting Class A (ordinary combustibles), Class B
(flammable liquids), and Class C (electrical equipment) fires.
The powder interrupts the chemical reaction of the fire, effectively
smothering the flames and preventing re-ignition.
Fire Extinguisher
Wet Chemical
It is used in fighting Class A & B fires, which involve cooking oils
and fats commonly found in commercial kitchens.
It reacts with the burning oil to form a thick, soapy layer. This layer
cools and smothers the flames, preventing re-ignition.
Fire Extinguisher
C02
It is used to fight Class B (flammable liquids) and Class C (electrical
equipment) fires.
The CO₂ gas displaces oxygen around the fire, effectively
suffocating the flames and preventing re-ignition.
CO₂ extinguishers are commonly used in areas with sensitive
electrical equipment, as they leave no residue and minimize
damage.
Fire Extinguisher
Foam
It is used in fighting Class A (combustible materials like wood,
paper, and textiles) and Class B (flammable liquids) fires.
It contains a foam solution that, when released, forms a blanket
over the burning material.
This blanket smothers the fire by cutting off the oxygen supply and
prevents re-ignition by cooling the material.
Foam extinguishers are versatile and leave a minimal residue,
making them suitable for various environments.
Fire Extinguisher
Water
It is used to fight Class A fires, which involve common combustible
materials such as wood, paper, and textiles.
It contains water under pressure, which is released in a stream
when the extinguisher is activated.
The water cools the burning material, reducing its temperature
and extinguishing the flames.
These extinguishers are effective for most common fires but should
not be used on electrical or flammable liquid fires due to the risk
of spreading the fire or causing electrical hazards.
Exit Light
The exit light is a safety feature in buildings, designed to indicate the direction
of exit, either leading occupants out of the building or guiding them to the
next fire-compartmented zone. It ensures a clear and visible escape route,
especially in emergencies such as fires or power failures, enhancing overall
safety and compliance with fire safety regulations.
Directional Light
The directional light with a straight arow is used in
buildings to indicate that occupants should move ahead
in the direction of the arrow. The illuminated arrow
provides a clear visual cue, helping individuals navigate
quickly and confidently to the nearest exits, ensuring a
smooth and orderly evacuation process.
Directional Light
The directional light with an arrow to the right is used in
buildings to indicate that occupants should move to the
right following the arrow. The illuminated arrow provides a
clear visual cue, helping individuals navigate quickly and
confidently to the nearest exits, ensuring a smooth and
orderly evacuation process.
Directional Light
The directional light with an arrow to the left is used in
buildings to indicate that occupants should move to the left
following the arrow. The illuminated arrow provides a clear
visual cue, helping individuals navigate quickly and confidently
to the nearest exits, ensuring a smooth and orderly evacuation
process.
Push Bar
The push bar is mounted horizontally across the door and can be
easily reached. To open the door, you simply push the bar with your
hands or body, which releases the latch mechanism, allowing the
door to swing open. This design ensures that, even in a state of panic,
people can quickly exit the building without needing to fumble with
door handles or keys, facilitating a smooth and safe evacuation
process.
No Entry
In the event of a fire, signage indicating “No Entry“ in staircases
ensures individuals not to move to lower levels, where exits might be
inaccessible or dangerous. Instead, the signage guides to evacuate
through the designated ground floor exits, which are typically safer
and more straightforward.
No Smoking
The "No Smoking" signage clearly indicates that smoking is prohibited within the
hospital premises and any areas where these signs are posted. This helps maintain
a healthy and safe environment for patients, staff, and visitors by reducing
exposure to secondhand smoke. The signs serve as a constant reminder of the
hospital's commitment to providing a smoke-free environment and ensuring
compliance with health regulations.
Exit (Stair)
The exit stair signage provides clear directions to the nearest staircase that
should be used during a fire emergency. This ensures that individuals can
quickly and safely locate and access the stairwell, facilitating an orderly and
efficient evacuation from the building.
Evacuation Plan
The evacuation plan signage displays detailed maps and routes
that guide people to the nearest exits, staircases, and safe areas. It
also includes the locations of fire extinguishers, alarms, and
assembly points. evacuation plan signage helps minimize
confusion and panic, enabling a swift and orderly evacuation.
Fire Alarm Call Point
The fire alarm call point signage guides the occupants to the nearest call
points, enabling them to quickly raise an alarm in case of a fire. By
activating the call point, individuals can immediately alert others in the
building and trigger the fire alarm system, ensuring a rapid response and
facilitating a safe and orderly evacuation.
