Data and Knowledge
Management
Introduction to Data and Knowledge
Management
o Data: Raw facts and figures without context (e.g., sales
numbers).
o Information: Processed data that is meaningful (e.g.,
monthly sales trends).
o Knowledge: Insights derived from information, enabling
decision-making.
Importance:
o Enables informed decision-making.
o Enhances organizational efficiency and competitiveness
Data Management
o Data Lifecycle: Collection, storage, processing, analysis, and
disposal.
o Data Quality Dimensions: Accuracy, completeness, consistency,
timeliness.
o Data Governance: Policies and processes to ensure data is
managed responsibly.
o Databases: Relational (SQL) and non-relational (NoSQL).
o Data Warehousing: Centralized storage for analytical purposes.
o ETL Processes: Extract, Transform, Load operations for data
integration.
Knowledge Management
Key Components:
o Tacit Knowledge: Personal, experiential knowledge (hard to
document).
o Explicit Knowledge: Documented knowledge (e.g., manuals,
reports).
Knowledge Management Processes:
o Knowledge creation, storage, sharing, and application.
Tools and Technologies:
o Knowledge repositories, collaboration platforms, expert systems.
Applications of Data and Knowledge
Management
Business intelligence and analytics.
Customer relationship management (CRM).
Decision support systems (DSS).
Information Systems Development
Definition: The process of planning, creating, testing,
and deploying information systems to meet
organizational needs.
Importance: Aligns IT solutions with business goals.
Phases of the System Development Life Cycle
(SDLC)
• Planning:
o Feasibility studies (technical, economic, legal, operational).
o Requirements gathering and analysis.
1. Analysis:
o Detailed study of user needs.
o Use of tools like data flow diagrams (DFDs) and entity-relationship diagrams (ERDs).
2. Design:
o Logical design (blueprint of the system).
o Physical design (hardware and software requirements).
3. Development:
o Coding and system construction.
o Adherence to programming best practices.
1.Testing:
o Unit testing, integration testing, system testing,
user acceptance testing (UAT).
2.Implementation:
o Deployment of the system in a live environment.
o Training and documentation.
3.Maintenance:
o Ongoing updates and issue resolution.
Alternative Development
Approaches
Agile Methodology: Iterative and incremental
approach focusing on collaboration and flexibility.
Waterfall Model: Sequential development process,
suitable for projects with well-defined requirements.
DevOps: Integration of development and operations
for continuous delivery.
Key ISD Tools and Techniques
Unified Modeling Language (UML).
Prototyping tools.
Integrated development environments (IDEs).
Challenges in ISD
Requirement changes during development.
Budget and time overruns.
Integration with existing systems.
Information Systems (IS)
Management
Is the process of overseeing information systems to ensure they
support business goals effectively.
It iincludes people, processes, technology, and data.
Strategic Role of IS Management
Aligning IT strategy with business strategy.
Enabling innovation and digital transformation.
Enhancing operational efficiency.
Core Functions of IS Management
IT Governance: Frameworks like COBIT and ITIL to ensure IT
aligns with organizational goals.
Risk Management: Identifying and mitigating IT-related risks
(e.g., cybersecurity threats).
Performance Monitoring: Using KPIs to measure the
effectiveness of IT systems.
Resource Allocation: Optimizing the use of IT resources
(human, financial, technological).
Emerging Trends in IS Management
Cloud computing and SaaS adoption.
Artificial intelligence and automation in IT operations (AIOps).
Cybersecurity and data privacy regulations.
Green IT and sustainability initiatives.
Challenges in IS Management
Managing rapid technological changes.
Balancing cost and innovation.
Ensuring data security and compliance.
Summary
Effective data and knowledge management is essential for
decision-making and organizational efficiency.
Information systems development ensures that IT solutions
align with organizational needs and goals, using structured
methodologies and tools.
IS management is crucial for the strategic alignment of IT,
resource optimization, and adaptation to emerging trends and
challenges.
Discussion Questions
1. How can organizations ensure the quality of their data and
knowledge management practices?
2. Compare and contrast the agile and waterfall methodologies in
ISD.
3. What strategies can organizations adopt to address challenges
in IS management?
Assignment | Deadline 9th February
2025
• Write a short paper on SME’s on their Data and
Knowledge Management, Information Systems
Development and IS Management
