Plant nutrition-Photosynthesis
Text book page-34-39
Key words
•CHLOROPLAST • GLUCOSE
•CARBON DIOXIDE • Mineral salts
•Nitrates • STARCH
• LIGHT
• Chlorophyll
Learning objectives
• To be able to define
photosynthesis.
• To be able to write
the word equation
for photosynthesis.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• Green plants use carbon dioxide and water in the
presence of sunlight to make food (glucose.)
• Oxygen is given out as a waste product.
• In Photosynthesis,
light energy from
sun is converted
into chemical
energy.
Write the word equation and
balanced equation for
photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
Word equation for photosynthesis
sunlight
Carbon dioxide + water chlorophyll glucose + oxygen
6CO2 + 6H2O + energy C6H12O6 + 6O2
As can be seen from the equation for photosynthesis, the
wood, bark, and root came from water and carbon
dioxide.
own food?
One of the raw materials that plants need to make food does come
from the soil, the other comes from the air.
What are these two raw materials called?
carbon dioxide
(from the air)
water
(from the soil)
Plants use carbon dioxide and water to make their own food in a
chemical reaction. What is the name of this reaction?
Bio QUIZ
• 1.Where do plants get carbon dioxide from?
• 2.Where do plants get water from?
• 3.Explain why photosynthesis only takes
place inside chloroplasts?
• 4.Can the plants do photosynthesis at night?
Why is Photosynthesis important?
Makes organic molecules (glucose) out
of inorganic materials (carbon dioxide
and water).
It begins all food chains/webs. Thus
all life is supported by this process.
It also makes oxygen gas!!
Internal structure of leaf
Plant leaves have many types of cells!
Leaf adaptation for
photosynthesis
• Upper • Palisade layer-
Cells are
epidermis-is
compactly packed.
transparent- • Large number of
light can pass chloroplasts to
through the perform
leaves photosynthesis.
• Spongy mesophyll • Lower
• Loosely packed epidermis-it got
and it helps in Guard cells and
gas exchange. stomata –to
control water
loss and for gas
exchange.
Knowledge check
1.Define photosynthesis.
2.Write the word equation for photosynthesis
3.Write the balanced equation for
photosynthesis.
4.What is the function of chlorophyll?
It traps sunlight ( energy) for photosynthesis.
Investigate the necessity of
chlorophyll,carbon dioxide and
light for photosynthesis.
• Take a potted palnt.
• Destarch the plant
Photo-synthesis
means "putting together with light."
Plants use sunlight to turn water
and carbon dioxide into glucose.
Glucose is a kind of sugar.
Plants use glucose as food for
energy and as a building block for
growing.
Autotrophs make glucose and
heterotrophs are consumers of it.
Chlorophyll function
• Chlorophyll absorbs light energy from sun.
• Plants change light energy into chemical
energy in food molecule.
What do plants use glucose
What do plants with the glucose made by photosynthesis?
for?
Some glucose is used straight away in respiration.
Plants also carry out respiration to
release the energy they need for life processes.
Some glucose is converted into starch and other
glucose substances for storage. These stores of energy
can be used later when the plant needs them.
Some glucose is used to make new chemicals
such as proteins, sugars and fats that the plant
also needs to function properly.
Testing leaves for starch
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• What affects photosynthesis?
• Light intensity: as light increases, rate of
photosynthesis increases and then it remains
constant
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• What affects photosynthesis?
• Carbon Dioxide: As CO2 increases, rate of
photosynthesis increases and then it remains
constant, because carbon dioxide is not the limiting
factor.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
• What affects photosynthesis?
• Temperature:
• Temperature Low = Rate of photosynthesis low
• Temperature Increases = Rate of photosynthesis
increases
• If temperature too hot, rate drops
Check it!
1. The process that uses the sun’s energy to
make simple sugars is _____________.
A. Cellular respiration
B. Glycolysis
C. Photosynthesis
D. Photolysis
Photosynthesis experiment
2. Light is needed for photosynthesis.
3. Chlorophyll is needed for photosynthesis.
4. To show that oxygen is released during
photosynthesis.
5. To show the effect of light intensity on the
rate of photosynthesis.
Describe the intake of carbon
dioxide and water by the plants
• Carbon dioxide is taken into the plant by
diffusion.
• It is used in photosynthesis to make
glucose.
• Water is taken in by the root hairs by
osmosis.
• Xylem transports water up to the leaves.
Light is needed for
photosynthesis
• Destarch the plant.( keep inside a dark room
for 48 hours)
• Using black paper cover one part of the leaf.
• ( see page-)
• Keep the plant in sunlight for few hours .
• Remove one leaf from the plant.
• Perform the experiment to test the leaf for
starch.
Carbon dioxide is needed for
photosynthesis
• Take two potted plants.
• Cover each one with a transparent plastic bag.
In one of the plastic bag, keep sodium
hydroxide ( soda lime ) to absorb carbon
dioxide .
• The second one is without soda lime.
• Allow them to stay in sunlight for
photosynthesis. After few hours, take one leaf
from each plant and test the leaf for starch.
The importance of minerals in
plant growth
• The nitrates are absorbed from the soil
water along with potassium, phosphate and
magnesium ions.
• Phosphorus is needed dfor making
compounds including DNA
• Magnesium is needed for making
chlrophyll.
hotosynthesis?
Chlorophyll cannot be removed from a plant without killing
the plant. Instead, variegated leaves can be used to show
chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis.
Variegated leaves have pale parts,
which do not contain chlorophyll.
The green parts of the leaf contain
chlorophyll and are the control.
Which areas will react with iodine?
Only the green areas of the leaf
react with the iodine and turn
blue-black. Without chlorophyll,
the pale areas have been unable
to produce starch and do not turn
blue-black.
