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FALLSEM2024-25 BECE302L TH VL2024250102854 2024-07-16 Reference-Material-I

The document discusses the modeling of mechanical systems, focusing on mechanical translational and rotational systems, and their components such as mass, spring, and viscous damper. It explains the application of force-balance equations and Laplace transformations to derive transfer functions for these systems. Additionally, it outlines the use of D'Alembert's principle and provides differential equations for systems with multiple mass elements.

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varunmalavan04
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14 views21 pages

FALLSEM2024-25 BECE302L TH VL2024250102854 2024-07-16 Reference-Material-I

The document discusses the modeling of mechanical systems, focusing on mechanical translational and rotational systems, and their components such as mass, spring, and viscous damper. It explains the application of force-balance equations and Laplace transformations to derive transfer functions for these systems. Additionally, it outlines the use of D'Alembert's principle and provides differential equations for systems with multiple mass elements.

Uploaded by

varunmalavan04
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Modeling of Mechanical System

Modeling of Mechanical System


Types

1. Mechanical Translational System

Force (input) Displacement (output)

2. Mechanical Rotational System

Torque (input) Angular Displacement (output)


Modeling of Mechanical Translational System

Like electrical networks, mechanical systems have three passive, linear


components.

1. Mass - Energy-storage elements


2. Spring
3. Viscous damper - Dissipates energy

Mass – represents WEIGHT of the mechanical system.

Spring – represents ELASTISITY of the mechanical system.

Viscous Damper – represents FRICTION in the mechanical system.


Basic elements of
Translational mechanical system
(Force-balance equation)
M - mass
This represents an element which resists the motion due to
inertia. According to Newton's second law of motion, the
inertia force is equal to mass times acceleration.

d 2 x(t )
f (t ) Ma M
dt 2
Applied force Opposing force developed by mass

Applying Laplace Transformation

F ( S )  MS 2 X ( S )
This is done by using the D' Alembert's principle which is similar to the
Kirchhoff's laws in Electrical Networks. Also, this principle is a modified
version of Newton's second law of motion. The D' Alembert's principle
states that,

"For any body, the algebraic sum of externally applied


forces and the forces opposing the motion in any given
direction is zero".
Dash pot – B/D/ fv

fv – Viscous friction coefficient


dx ( t )
f ( t )  fV
dt
Opposing force developed by
Applied force Viscous damper

F ( S )  fV SX ( S )
Sliding on a film of oil
K – Spring constant

f ( t )  Kx ( t )
Applied force Opposing force developed by
spring element

F ( S )  KX ( S )
w.r.t first node w.r.t first node
 
f ( t )  K [ x1 ( t )  x 2 ( t )] f ( t )  fV [ x 1 ( t )  x 2 ( t )]

w.r.t second node w.r.t second node


 
f ( t )  K [ x 2 ( t )  x1 ( t )] f ( t )  fV [ x 2 ( t )  x 1 ( t )]
P1. Find the transfer function.

Free-body diagram
Sum of opposing forces = Applied force

Taking laplace transformation, assuming zero initial conditions

The transfer function,


P2. Find the transfer function.

Each mass element gives one linearly independent displacement. (Mass element
is the point of displacement).

At each independent point of motion, one differential equation is obtained. (No.


of diff. equations = No. of mass element)
Differential equations at two mass elements are,

d 2 x1 dx1 d ( x1  x 2 ) 1
f (t )  M1 2
 fV1  fV3  K 1 x1  K 2 ( x1  x 2 )
dt dt dt
d 2 x2 dx 2 d ( x 2  x1 ) 2
0 M 2 2
 fV 2  fV 3  K 3 x2  K 2 ( x 2  x1 )
dt dt dt

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