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4/06/2020 2:17 PM Yenepoya Nursing College ANANDA.S 1
 ADD ON COURSE
Disaster management
UNIT-II
Phases of disaster management
Presenter : Peer reviewed By :
Mr.Ananda.S
1.Mrs.Shycil Mathew
Asst.Professor
Asst.Professor on 03/01/22
Dept. Of community
health nursing 2. Mrs.Savitha
Yenepoya nursing college Asst .Professor on 03/01/22
 Specific Learning objective
At the end of the class the student will able to :

- Define disaster management

- Explain the different phases of disaster
management

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 Disaster Management
• A continuous and integrated process of
planning, organizing, coordinating and
implementing measures which are necessary
for-
● Prevention of danger or threat of any disaster.
● Reduction of risk of any disaster or its severity
or consequences.

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 Cont..
● Capacity-building.
● Preparedness to deal with any disaster.
● Prompt response to any threatening disaster
situation or disaster.

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 Cont..
● Assessing the severity or magnitude of effects
of any disaster.
● Evacuation, rescue and relief.
● Rehabilitation and reconstruction.

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 Goals of Disaster Management:

(1) Reduce, or avoid, losses from hazards;

(2) Assure prompt assistance to victims;
(3) Achieve rapid and effective recovery.

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• Disasters mgt are often thought of as happening in a
cyclical manner, consisting of four phases:
preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation
• It is important to note that the activities that take
place within the disaster cycle are interrelated and
may happen concurrently.

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 Disaster preparedness

• This phase includes planning, training, and

educational activities
Examples include:
• Developing disaster preparedness plans for
what to do, where to go, or who to call for
help in a disaster

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 Cont..
• Exercising plans through drills, table top
exercises, and full-scale exercises
• Creating a supply list of items that are
useful in a disaster

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 Aims and objectives of disaster
preparedness
• It refers to measures taken to prepare for and
reduce the effects of disasters
• Disaster preparedness is a continuous and
integrated process

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 Objectives
Increasing the efficiency, effectiveness and impact
of disaster emergency response mechanisms at
the community and national level
• Strengthening community-based disaster
preparedness .
• Developing activities that are useful for both
addressing everyday risks that communities face
and for responding to disaster situations
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 Disaster preparedness strategy

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 Hazard, risk and vulnerability
assessments
• Identify the characteristics, frequency and
potential severity of the hazards a community
faces
• Identify the particular geographical areas and
communities that are most susceptible and
vulnerable to those hazards

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 Cont..

• Identify the main sectors of a community (population,

infrastructure, housing, services, etc.) that would be
affected by a specific type of hazard and anticipate how
they might be affected.
• Assess the ability of those sectors to withstand and
cope with the effects of hazardous phenomena

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 Response mechanisms and
strategies
• Evacuation procedures
• Search and rescue teams (including plans for
training them)
• Assessment teams (including plans for
training them)
• Procedures for activating distribution systems

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 Cont..
• Preparations for emergency reception centres
and shelters
• Procedures for activating emergency
programs for airports, harbours and land
transport

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 Preparedness planning
• Disaster preparedness planning involves
identifying organizational resources,
determining roles and responsibilities,
developing policies and procedures and
planning preparedness activities aimed at
ensuring timely disaster preparation and
effective emergency response

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 Coordination
• Organisations,
• Civil Defence and government emergency
structures,
• Fire brigades,
• Health departments and clinics,
• Red Crescent/Red Cross Societies,
• International agencies, NGOs and others.

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 Information management

• Disaster preparedness and response depend on

gathering, analyzing and acting on timely and
accurate information before (hazard and early
warning information), during (disaster needs
assessment) and after disasters (progress of
post-disaster recovery).
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 Early warning systems
• The purpose of early warning systems is
to detect, forecast, and when
necessary, issue alerts related to
impending hazard events.

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• Early warning information comes from a
number of sources: e.g. meteorological offices;
Ministries of Health (for example, disease
outbreaks) and Agriculture (for example, crop
forecasts); media sources and increasingly
from Internet early warning services

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 Resource mobilization
• National Societies should develop strategies,
agreements and procedures for mobilizing
and acquiring emergency funds, supplies and
equipment in the event of a disaster.
• A preparedness plan should spell out the
policies for acquisition and disbursement of
funds, use of outside equipment and services,
and emergency funding strategies.

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 Public education, training and
rehearsals
• Public education campaigns, training of
response teams and rehearsals of emergency
response scenarios

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 Community-based disaster
preparedness

• Local populations in disaster-stricken areas

are the first to respond to a disaster.
• They are usually involved in search and
rescue activities as well as in providing
emergency treatment and relief to their
families, friends and neighbours

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 DISASTER RESPONSE:
• Post disaster stage of disaster management cycle.
• It involves the initial actions taken as the event
takes place.
• It involves efforts to minimize the hazards created
by a disaster.
• Examples: Evacuation; search and rescue;
emergency relief

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 Disaster Response
Immediate reaction to disaster as the
disaster is anticipated, or soon after it
begins in order to assess the needs, reduce
the suffering, limit the spread and
consequences of the disaster, open up the
way to rehabilitation.

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 Cont..
• By-
 Mass evacuation
 Search and rescue
 Emergency medical services
 Securing food and water
 Maintenance of Law & Order

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 EVACUATION:
• Evacuation is a risk management strategy
which may be used as mitigating the effects of
an emergency or disaster on a community.
• It involves the movement of people to a safer
location.
• To be effective, it should be properly planned
and executed.

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 TYPES OF EVACUATION
Immediate Evacuation:
• An evacuation resulting from a hazard impact,
that forces immediate action, thereby
allowing little action or no warning and limited
preparation time.

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 Cont..

• Examples:
• Hazardous material accidents, air crash
wildfires and earthquakes are examples of
events that require immediate action.

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 Pre-warned evacuation:
An evacuation resulting from an event that
provides adequate warning and does not
unduly limit preparation time.
• Examples: floods, cyclones and storm surge.

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 • The response phase is the actions taken to
save lives and prevent further damage in a
disaster. This phase begins immediately
after a disaster has struck.
• During the response phase, plans
developed in the preparedness phase are
put into action.

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• While some disasters last only for a few
seconds (e.g., earthquakes, explosions),
others might last for several days, weeks, or
even months (e.g., floods, droughts).

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• The primary focus of the response phase is
to provide relief and take action to reduce
further morbidity and mortality.
• Also during this phase necessary supplies,
including food and water, are distributed
to survivors.

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• Such actions include providing first aid and
medical assistance, implementing search and
rescue efforts, restoring transportation and
communication networks, conducting public
health surveillance, and evacuating people who
are still vulnerable to the effects of the disaster.

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 Medical and Public Health
response
• Assessment of immediate health needs.
• Identification of medical & health resources.
• Temporary field treatment
- Prompt and proper treatment to save lives.

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 Medical and Public Health
response
Food safety and Water Safety
Animal control- Carcasses can foul water,
Zoonotic diseases.
Vector control- Mosquito and Rodents
Communicable disease control:
Measles, diarrheal diseases, ARI, and malaria

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 • Waste management
Temporary latrines
Chemical toileting
 Sewage disposal damage.

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 Medical and Public Health
response
 Management of hazardous agent exposure
Infectious agents if hospital or scientific
laboratories damaged
 Mental health- Specialized psychological
treatment significant in terrorism.
 Information- Risk communication

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 Summary
• In today’s class we discussed about various
phases of disaster management , their
importance in pre and post disaster phases

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 Evaluation
1. Total phases of disaster management is:
a)2 b) 3 c) 4 d) 5
2. Which of the following is conducted to reduce
hazard risk :
a)Mitigation b) Preparedness c) Response
d) Recovery

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 Conclusion
• Disasters are often thought of as happening in a
cyclical manner, consisting of four phases:
preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation
• It is important to note that the activities that take
place within the disaster cycle are interrelated and
may happen concurrently.

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 References
1.Risk reduction and emergency Preparedness, WHO six-
year strategy for the health sector and community
capacity development, ISBN 978 92 4 159589 6 ©
World Health Organization 2007.
2.Wallace/Maxcy-Rosenau-Last-Public Health &
Preventive Medicine, Fifteenth edition,2008, The
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.; United States of America.
3. K Park, Park’s Text book of Preventive and Social
Medicine,22nd Edition 2013, Bhanot Publications,
Jabalpur,India.
4/06/2020 2:17 PM ANANDA.S 46
4.Public Health Risk Assessment and Interventions,
Typhoon Haiyan,16 November 2013.
5.National Disaster Management Guidelines,
Preparation of State Disaster Management Plans,
July 2007,NDMA,GOI.
6. Disaster management and risk reduction: strategy
and coordination; plan 2010-2011,International
Federation of Red cross and Red Crescent Societies

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 THANK YOU

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