INDIRA GANDHI KRISHI VISHWAVIDYALAYA RAIPUR (C.G.
Weed Management in Soybean
AGRON-606: Advances in Weed Management 2(2+0)
Submitted to:
Dr. M.C.Bhambri Submitted By:
Department of Agronomy Prerna Jaiswal
COA, Raipur PhD (prev. year)
Dept. of Agronomy
Introduction
• Soybean (Glycine max (L.)
Merrill) is one of the major
oilseed crops of India.
• It contributes 29% to the total
vegetable oil production (ICAR,
2016).
• Most important leguminous
crop rich in protein (40- 42%)
and other nutrients like calcium,
vitamin A and thiamine.
• It is recognized as Golden bean.
Soybean Weed Management
• Being a rainy season crop soybean faces severe weed
competition during early stages of crop growth, resulting
in a loss of potential yield, depending on the weed
intensity, nature, environmental condition and duration of
weed competition.
• YIELD REDUCTION: Upto 58-85%
• CRITICAL PERIOD: Generally, early seedling to early
flowering of soybean (till 60 DAS) is the critical period of
weed competition. It could also be up to 40-45 DAS in
certain locations (Prabhakaran et al. 1992; Yaduraju et al.
2003).
Annual grass/sedge weeds
• Commelina benghalensis
• Eleusine africana/indica
• Setaria viridis
• Echinochloa colona/crusgalli
• Panicum sp.
• Digitaria sanguinalis
• Dinebra arabica
• Setaria glauca
Eleusine indica Echinochloa colona
Digitaria sanguinalis Commelina benghalensis
Annual broad-leaved weeds
• Trianthema portulacastrum/monogyna
• Aclypha indica
• Ageratum conyzoides
• Celosia argentea
• Corchorus sp.
• Cynotis axillaries
• Datura stramonium
• Digera arvensis
• Eclipta alba
• Euphorbia hirta
• Leucas aspera
• Phyllanthus niruri
• Parthenium hysterophorus
• Solanum nigrum
• Tagetes minuta
• Xanthium strumarium
Trianthema portulacastrum Phyllanthus niruri
Leucas aspera Celosia argentea
Perennial weeds
Grasses
• Cynodon dactylon
• Saccharum sponteneum
• Plantago lanceolata
Sedges
• Cyperus esculentus/ rotundus
Broad-leaved weeds
• Convolvulus arvensis
• Launaea cornuta
• Pluchea lanceolata
• Oxalis latifolia
Cyperus rotundus Convolvulus arvensis
Plantago lanceolata Oxalis latifolia
Weed Management Practices
• Crop rotation : wheat, potato gram and tobacco.
• Sowing practice:
• Line sowing provides more ease in controlling weeds than
broad-casting, and it may encounter less weed infestation as well.
• Narrow row spacing lower than 40 cm is useful to stimulate
crop’s competitiveness against weeds.
• Manual weeding/hoeing
• Hand weeding should be carried out in time and early in the crop
growth.
• Two hand weedings at 20-25 and 40-45 DAS prove sufficient to
control weeds in soybean (Billore et al., 1999; Yaduraju et al.,
2003; Das, 2008).
• Tillage/cultivation
• Fine seed bed usually ensures uniform germination and
later better stand establishment of soybean.
• Shallow and frequent pre-sowing tillage followed by
irrigation is highly useful for controlling annual weeds
(Das and Yaduraju, 2001, 2008), whereas deep tillage
during the hot summer months is beneficial for the
control of perennial weeds like Cyperus sp, Cynodon
dactylon, etc.
• Deep ploughing in summer followed by recommended
use of herbicide also reduces weed population to a large
extent.
• Mulching
• Mulching has enough bearing towards weed suppression in
soybean (Das, 2008).
• Provide an effective barrier to weed emergence, and are
very effective against most annual and some perennial
weeds, such as Cynodon dactylon, Sorghum halepense.
• Dead mulches of Leucaena, Parthenium, Eichhornia,
Polygonum hamiltonii, may be applied at the inter-row
spaces in soybean.
• Chemical control
• Trifluralin, fluchloralin or nitralin @ 0.75-1.0 kg/ha as
PPI for controlling annual grasses and few broad-leaved
weeds. Use lower dose in sandy and sandy loam soil.
• Pendimethalin @ 0.75-1.0 kg/ha as PE followed by one
hand weeding at 30-35 DAS to control late emerging annual
weeds.
• Clomazone @ 0.75-1.0 kg/ha as PE for broad spectrum
weed control followed by one hand weeding at 30-35 DAS.
• Prometryne or cyanazine @ 1.0-1.5 kg/ha for broad-
leaved weed control followed by one hand weeding at 30-35
DAS.
• Imazethapyr @ 100-150 g/ha is a good POE treatment for
broad-spectrum control of weeds including Digera arvensis,
Trianthema protulacastrum and Cyperus rotundus.
Recommended herbicides for soybean
Chemical name Dose Time Effective against
(kg/ha)
Fluchloralin 0.75-1.00 PPI Broad-spectrum of weeds, but more grasses
Trifluralin 0.75-1.00 PPI Broad-spectrum of weeds, but more grasses
Metolachlor 1.0 PE Broad-spectrum of weeds, but more grasses
Metribuzin 0.25-0.35 PE Broad-spectrum of weeds
Clomazone 0.75-1.00 PE Broad-spectrum of weeds
Pendimethalin 0.75-1.00 PE Broad-spectrum of weeds, but more grasses
Chlorimuron-p- 0.009 POE Broad-spectrum of weeds but more broad-
ethyl leaved weeds
Imazethapyr 0.100 POE Broad-spectrum of weeds
Quizalofop-ethyl 0.050 POE Only grasses
Fenoxaprop-p- 0.120 POE Only grasses
ethyl
Integrated weed management (IWM)
• Good crop husbandry + recommended pre-planting or
pre-emergence herbicide + one hand weeding to control
late-emerging annuals, as well as perennial weeds,
namely Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus esculentus
/rotundus.
• Repeated summer cultivation with irrigation and residue
(wheat, maize) incorporation + stale seed bed +
appropriate crop husbandry (non-monetary inputs) +
pre-emergence herbicide (at low rate) + hand weeding at
30-35 DAS.
• Good crop husbandry (mentioned above) + post-
emergence herbicides, or hand weeding at 30-35 DAS.
Review on weed management in Soybean
• Meena et al.(2020) conducted experiment during kharif,
2019 at Agricultural Research Station, Ummedganj, Kota
to evaluate effect of herbicidal weed control on growth
and yield of soybean.
• The study showed that all weed control treatments
recorded significantly higher values of growth parameters
plant height, branches plant-1, dry matter accumulation
and yield attributes viz. pods plant-1, seeds pod-1, seed
yield plant-1 and seed index as compared to weedy check.
• Result:
• All the weed control treatments gave significantly more
plant height and higher branches plant-1 than weedy check
.
• Hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS was recorded taller plants and
maximum branches plant-1 followed by application of sodium
acifluorfen 16.5% + clodinafop propargyl 8% EC (premix) @165+80 g
a.i. ha-1 at 20 DAS.
• Hand weeding twice at 20 and 40 DAS recorded higher values of yield
attributing characters like pods plant-1, seeds pod-1, seed index and seed
yield plant-1 then other treatments except application of sodium
acifluorfen 16.5% + clodinafop propargyl 8% EC (premix) @165+80 g
a.i. ha-1 at 20 DAS, which was closely followed to hand weeding.
• The seed and straw yield was recorded significantly higher under two
hand weeding (1800 & 2592 kg ha-1, respectively)followed by post
emergence application of sodium acifluorfen 16.5% + clodinafop
propargyl 8% (premix) @ 165 + 80 g a.i. ha-1 at 20 DAS (1550 & 2233
kg ha-1, respectively).
• Research Data Table
• Patil et al. (2018) conducted experiment during kharif 2009-2010 at
instructional farm, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh to
evaluate the suitable integrated weed management (IWM) practices for
soybean.
• Treatments :
• T1 Pendimethalin @ 1.000 kg ha-1 as pre-emergence
• T2 Pendimethalin @ 0.750 kg ha-1 pre-emergence + 1 HW and IC at 20
DAS
• T3 Quizalofop ethyl @ 0.040 kg ha-1 as post-emergence at 20 DAS
• T4 Quizalofop ethyl @ 0.040 kg ha-1 as post-emergence at 20 DAS+1
HW and IC at 40 DAS
• T5 Metribuzin @ 0.500 kg ha-1 as pre-emergence
• T6 Metribuzin @ 0.500 kg ha-1 pre-emergence + 1 HW at 40 DAS
• T7 1 HW at 20 DAS
• T8 2 HW at 20 and 40 DAS
• T9 Weed free
• T10 Unweeded Control
• Research Data Table
• Results:
• Among the different weed species in the experimental field,
most dominant weeds were Cyperus rotundus found at all
the stage of study.
• Dicot weeds dominated over monocot weeds throughout the
crop season.
• Among various narrow leaf weeds, density of Cyperus
rotundus is high.
• Maximum density of weeds was observed through the
investigation period under unweed control plot.
• The minimum numbers of weed were recorded at 40 DAS
under treatment T9 (weed free).
• The treatment (T9) weed free produced 104% and 94%
higher grain and stover yields respectively as compared to
unweeded control (T10).
References
• Das, T. K. 2008. Weed Science Basics and Applications. Jain
Brothers, New Delhi. Page No. 689-690.
• Das, T. K. 2015. Weed Science Basics and Applications. Jain
Brothers, New Delhi. Page No. 689-690.
• Meena, B.L., Meena, D.S., Ram, B., Sharma, M.K., Gautam,
C. And Nagar,G. 2020. Effect of Herbicidal Weed Control on
Growth and Yield of Soybean. International Journal of current
Microbiology and applied Science, 9(10): 2319-7706.
• Patil, A.S., Bhavsar, M.S., Deore, P.S. and Raut, D.M. 2018.
Effect of Integrated Weed Management on Weed Dynamics of
Soyabean [Glycine max (L.) Merill] under Junagadh, India.
International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied
Sciences, 7(1): 2319-7706.
Thank you
