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The document explains the concepts of relations and functions, defining a function as a special type of relation where each input has a unique output. It discusses the domain and range of functions, provides examples of functions in various forms, and introduces the vertical line test for determining if a graph represents a function. Additionally, it covers function notation and includes examples of evaluating functions.

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Ron Geron Mayor
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2 views

genmath_lesson1_2_

The document explains the concepts of relations and functions, defining a function as a special type of relation where each input has a unique output. It discusses the domain and range of functions, provides examples of functions in various forms, and introduces the vertical line test for determining if a graph represents a function. Additionally, it covers function notation and includes examples of evaluating functions.

Uploaded by

Ron Geron Mayor
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RELATION

a collection of ordered
pairs in which the first
element is related to the
second element.

1
FUNCTION

a special type of relation


wherein in the ordered pair
, the value of is unique for
a specific value of .

2
Relations: Domain, Range,
and Rule

Domain is the set of all permissible


values of the independent variable
Range is the set of all permissible
values of the dependent variable.
Permissible values of a variable
will not make the denominator
zero
will not make the radicand of
even index negative
SOME EXAMPLES OF FUNCTIONS

 Functions as set of  Functions as equations


ordered pairs f(x) = x2 + 1
f = {(1,1),(3,5),(4,6),(8,9)}
g(x) = 4 - 5x
g = {(1,0),(2,0),(-1,5)}

 Functions as table of
 Functions as graphs
values
No. of eggs Price of
(x)x breakfast
(y)
1 P10.00
2 P18.00
4
3 P22.00
Functions

For each relation, determine if it is a


function. Yes
r1= {(1,3),(2,5),(3,8),(4,10)}Yes
Yes
r2 = {(-1,0),(2,-3),(.5,1),( 2/3,1/2)}
r = {(x,y)| y= 2x-5} Yes
3

r4 = {(x,y)| y= x2} No
 x 2
y 2 
rr65= ( {(x,y)|
x , y )  y> 1x-3}
 No
 9 4 
5
Vertical Line Test for a Function

A graph defines a function if each vertical line


in the rectangular coordinate system passes
through at most one point on the graph.
(a) y3 – x = 1 (b) y2 – x2 = 9
y
y
3
6

x
x –6 0 6
–3 0 3

–6
6
–3
Vertical Line Test for a Function

Which of the following graphs


represent a function?

x x x x

y y y y

Yes No No Yes
7
Which of the following mapping
diagrams represent functions?

Yes Yes No

8
TIME TO THINK
1. The following data were collected from
members of a college pre-calculus class.
Is the set of ordered pairs (x,y) a function?
a) x y
Height Weight
72 in. 180 lb
60 in. 204 lb
60 in. 120 lb
63 in. 145 lb
70 in. 184 lb 9
TIME TO THINK
2. The following data were collected from
members of a college pre-calculus class.
Is the set of ordered pairs (x,y) a function?
b) y
x
number of
year of graduation
graduates
2005 2
2006 12
2007 18
2008 7
10
2009 1
Function Notation

f ( x ) 3 x  4 .
Suppose you’re given the equation

 f(x) should be read “f of x “, NOT “f


times x”.
 f is the name of the function; it’s not a
number.
 x is the input value or independent
variable.
 f(x) is the value of the function f at 11

the number x.
Function Notation

f ( x ) 3 x  4 .
Suppose you’re given the equation

We may replace f(x) by y. That is, f(x)


= y which means that the value of the
function is the y value.


f 2 10
What does
mean?
The value of f when x = 2 is
10.
12
Interpretation of f(x)

13
Evaluating a function
Evaluate the following functions at x =
1.5
𝑎 . 𝑓 ( 𝑥 )=2 𝑥+1
𝑓 ( 1.5 ) = 2 (1.5 ) +1
𝑓 (1.5)=4
2
𝑏 . 𝑞( 𝑥)= 𝑥 −2 𝑥+ 2
2
𝑞 (1.5)=( 1.5 ) − 2(1.5)+2
𝑞 (1.5)=1 . 25 14
Evaluating a function
Evaluate the following functions at x =
𝑐 .𝑔 ( 𝑥)=√ 𝑥 +1
1.5
𝑔 (1.5)= √ 1.5 +1
𝑔 (1.5)= √ 2.5
2 𝑥+ 1
𝑑 . 𝑟 ( 𝑥)=
𝑥 −1
2(1.5)+1
𝑟 ( 1.5)=
1.5 −1
𝑟 ( 1.5)=8
15
Evaluating a function
𝑒 . 𝑓 ( 𝑥)=2 𝑥+1
Evaluate the function
𝑓 ( 3 𝑥 − 1 ) =2 ( 3 𝑥 − 1 ) +1
𝑓 ( 3 𝑥 −1 ) =6 𝑥 − 1
2
𝑓 .𝑞 ( 𝑥)=𝑥 − 2 𝑥+2
Evaluate the function
2
𝑞 (3 𝑥+3)=( 3 𝑥+ 3 ) −2( 3 𝑥 +3)+2
16
TIME TO THINK
1. Given . Find the following values:

17
TIME TO THINK
2. Given . Find the following values:

18

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