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6 - T4 -OS Security - Introduction of Linux

The document provides an overview of Linux and its history, highlighting its development by Richard Stallman and Linus Torvalds, and its significance as a free, open-source operating system. It discusses the architecture of Linux, including key components such as the kernel, boot loader, shell, and file system, as well as various Linux distributions. Additionally, it emphasizes the benefits of using Linux, such as high security, stability, and a supportive community.

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Jaith Vindinu
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
20 views21 pages

6 - T4 -OS Security - Introduction of Linux

The document provides an overview of Linux and its history, highlighting its development by Richard Stallman and Linus Torvalds, and its significance as a free, open-source operating system. It discusses the architecture of Linux, including key components such as the kernel, boot loader, shell, and file system, as well as various Linux distributions. Additionally, it emphasizes the benefits of using Linux, such as high security, stability, and a supportive community.

Uploaded by

Jaith Vindinu
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 21

IE3062 – Data and Operating Systems

Security
Lecture 01 – OS Security

INTRODUCTION OF LINUX
OBJECTIVES

To understand the concept of Linux/Unix

To understand the History.

To understand the concept of Distribution and


Architecture
History of Unix and
Linux

Linux Distributions
TABLE OF
CONTENT

Linux OS Structure : File


System, Processes,
Kernel, Shell
In 1983, Richard Stallman started the GNU project
with the goal of creating free UNIX- like operating
system. As a part of this work, he wrote the GNU
General Public License(GPL).
In 1991, while studying computer science at
University of Helsinki, Linus Torvalds began a project
that later became the Linux kernel 0.01.

In 1992, he suggested releasing the kernel under the


HISTORY OF GNU General Public Licence. He first announced this
LINUX decision in the release notes of version 0.12.

The most important thing about Linux development


is: its online community where Linux developers
from all around the globe send their suggestions and
feedback about improving the scope of OS and its
capability.
Even though Linux is freely available, companies
earn profit from its usage. Companies like Dell, IBM,
HP invest substantial resources in the modernization
and advancement of Linux OS.
Linux is a free, open source operating system,
released under the GNU General Public License (GPL).
Anyone can run, study, modify and redistribute the
source code, or even shell copies of their modified
code, as long as they do so under same license.
Linux has become the largest open sources software
project in the world.

It is muti-user, multi tasking, multi processing, multi


threading operating system.
ABOUT LINUX
Coexists with other operating systems

Run on multiple platforms such as Intel (AMD-


64,x86,x86-64)
An operating system, is a software
program that enables the computer
hardware to communicate and operate
with the computer software. Without an
operating system, a computer would be
OPERATING useless.
SYSTEM
Is a system software that provides
common services for computer
programs.
Open source is a term that originally referred
to open source software (OSS).

Is a code that is designed to publicly


accessible- anyone can see, modify and
OPEN SOURCE distribute.
(OSS)

Is developed in a decentralized and


collaborative way, relying on peer review and
community production.
WHY WE USE LINUX

Open source – The most important aspect of Linux is that its source
code is available as it falls under the FOSS category (Free and Open
Source Software).
High Security – Installing and using Linux on your system is the
easiest way to avoid viruses and malware.

High Stability – The Linux system is very stable and is not prone to
crashes. The Linux OS Runs exactly as fast as it did when first
installed, even after several years.
Run on Any Hardware – Linux makes very efficient use of the
system’s recourses. Linux installation can be customizes for users and
for special hardware equipments.
WHY WE USE LINUX

Applications - Linux has thousands of opensource


applications available to use for free.

Community – Linux project itself has been built around a vibrant


community. When you are in need of help, you can get a variety of
support in the form of documentation, forums and live chat.
LINUX DISTRIBUTIONS

Ubuntu – is a Linux distribution based on Debain mostly composed of free and open-
source software.
Debain – Debain, also known as Debain GNU/Linux distribution composed of free and
open-source software, developed by community-supported Debain project.
Fedora – Fedora is a Linux distribution developed by the community-supported fedora
project which is sponsored primarily by Red Hat.
Red hat Enterprise Linux – Is a Linux distribution developed by Red hat for the
commercial market.
OpenSUSE- is an open source linux operating system distribution developed and
supported by the openSUSE Project.
OPERATING SYSTEM
ARCHITECTURE

• Hardware consists of all physical devices


attached to the system.
Ex: Hard disk drive, RAM, Motherboard, CPU.
• Kernel is the core component for any (Linux)
operating system which directly interacts with
the hardware.
• An Operating system is a software which
performs all the basic tasks like file
management, memory management etc.
• Shell is the interface which takes input from
users and sends instruction to the Kernel.
• Utility programs which runs on Shell like as
text editor. Web browser.
CORE COMPONENTS OF LINUX
OPERATING SYSTEM

• Kernel
• Boot Loader
• Shell
• File System
• Desktop Environments
• Daemons
• Graphical Server
KERNEL

• A kernel is a computer program that us the heart and core of an


operating system. It is the core interface between computer’s
hardware and its processes.

What Kernel does :


• Memory management – keep track of how much memory is used
to store what, and where.
• Process management – Determine which process can use the
central processing unit (CPU), when and for how long.
• Device drivers : Act as mediator/interpreter between the hardware
and the processes
• File management : Organizing and keeping track of files and
folders.
BOOT LOADER

• A boot loader is a small program stored in the MBR or GUID partition table that helps
to load an operating system in to memory. Without a boot loader, your operating
system can not be loaded in to memory.

LILO (Linux Loader)


• LILO is a boot loader for the linux and was the default boot loader for most Linux Distributions in
the years before.
• Does not offer an interactive command line interface.
• Does not support Multi-booting.
GNU GRUB (Grand Unified Bootlader)
• It comes with several improvements, new features and bug fixes as enhancements of the original
GRUB program. Importantly, GRUB 2 has now replaced the GRUB.
• Support setting of password with encryption for security.
• Support multiboot.
SHELL

• The shell is the command interpreter in an operating system such as


Unix or GNU/Linux, it is a program that executes other programs. It
provides a computer user an interface to the Linux system so that the
user can run different commands or tools. BASH is the default shell on
many Linux distributions today.

• Borne shell (sh)


• Korn shell (ksh)
• Bourne Again shell (bash)
• C shell (csh)
FILE SYSTEM

• A file system is the way in which files are named, stored,


retrieved as well as updated on a storage disk or partition; the
way files are organized on the disk.
• Linux file system type such as
Ext2,Ext3,Ext4XFS,BtrFS,GlusterFS.
• XFS is a highly scalable, high performance file system and it is
default file system in RHEL-7.
DESKTOP ENVIRONMENTS

• A desktop environment is a collection of software running on the top of an operating


system that makes up the desktop Graphical user Interface. Many of the popular
linux distros use GNOME3 as their default desktop environment.

Types of Desktop Environment

• GNOME 3
• KDE Plasma 5
• Cinnamon Desktop
• Xfce Desktop
DAEMONS AND GRAPHICAL
SERVER

• A daemon is a service process that runs in the background and supervises the
system or provides functionality to other processes. Almost all the daemons
have names that end with the letter “d”.
• For example: systemd, httpd,vsftpd

Graphical Server
• Linux uses a graphical server called “X” or “X-server”. You can’t interact with the
graphical server directly.
ANY QUESTION

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