Scribd
Upload
41 views6 pages

DBMS - Languages

The document discusses various database management system (DBMS) languages including Data Definition Language (DDL), Storage Definition Language (SDL), View Definition Language (VDL), and Data Manipulation Language (DML). DDL is used to define schemas, while SDL specifies internal schemas, and VDL is for user views; SQL often serves multiple roles in relational DBMSs. DML is categorized into high-level and low-level types for data manipulation, and modern DBMSs typically use a comprehensive integrated language like SQL that encompasses these functionalities.

Uploaded by

DINESH RAWAT
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
41 views6 pages

DBMS - Languages

The document discusses various database management system (DBMS) languages including Data Definition Language (DDL), Storage Definition Language (SDL), View Definition Language (VDL), and Data Manipulation Language (DML). DDL is used to define schemas, while SDL specifies internal schemas, and VDL is for user views; SQL often serves multiple roles in relational DBMSs. DML is categorized into high-level and low-level types for data manipulation, and modern DBMSs typically use a comprehensive integrated language like SQL that encompasses these functionalities.

Uploaded by

DINESH RAWAT
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

DBMS Languages - DDL

• Once the design of a database is completed and a DBMS is


chosen to implement the database, the first step is to
specify conceptual and internal schemas for the database
and any mappings (process of transforming requests and
results between levels) between the two. In many DBMSs
where no strict separation of levels is maintained, one
language, called the data definition language (DDL), is
used by the DBA and by database designers to define both
schemas. The DBMS will have a DDL compiler whose
function is to process DDL statements in order to identify
descriptions of the schema constructs and to store the
schema description in the DBMS catalog.
DBMS Languages - SDL
• In DBMSs where a clear separation is
maintained between the conceptual and
internal levels, the DDL is used to specify the
conceptual schema only.
• Another language, the storage definition
language (SDL), is used to specify the internal
schema. The mappings between the two
schemas may be specified in either one of
these languages.
DBMS Languages – VDL & SQL
• For a true three-schema architecture, we would
need a third language, the view definition
language (VDL), to specify user views and their
mappings to the conceptual schema,
• but in most DBMSs the DDL is used to define
both conceptual and external schemas.
• In relational DBMSs, SQL is used in the role of
VDL to define user or application views as
results of predefined queries
DBMS Languages – DML
• Once the database schemas are compiled and
the database is populated with data, users
must have some means to manipulate the
database. Typical manipulations include
retrieval, insertion, deletion, and modification
of the data. The DBMS provides a set of
operations or a language called the data
manipulation language (DML) for these
purposes.
DBMS Languages – DML
• There are two main types of DMLs.
• A high-level or nonprocedural DML can be used on its own to
specify complex database operations concisely. Many DBMSs
allow high-level DML statements either to be entered interactively
from a display monitor or terminal or to be embedded in a
general-purpose programming language. In the latter case, DML
statements must be identified within the program so that they
can be extracted by a precompiler and processed by the DBMS.
• A low-level or procedural DML must be embedded in a general-
purpose programming language. This type of DML typically
retrieves individual records or objects from the database and
processes each separately. Therefore, it needs to use
programming language constructs, such as looping, to retrieve
and process each record from a set of records. Low-level DMLs
are also called record-at-a-time DMLs because of this property.
DBMS Languages – CIL
• In current DBMSs, the preceding types of languages
are usually not considered distinct languages;
rather, a comprehensive integrated language is
used that includes constructs for conceptual
schema definition, view definition, and data
manipulation. A typical example of a
comprehensive database language is the SQL
relational database language, which represents a
combination of DDL, VDL, and DML, as well as
statements for constraint specification, schema
evolution, and other features.

You might also like