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Digital Circuits - Logic Gates

Digital circuits operate with two logic levels: Logic Low (0) and Logic High (1), with logic gates serving as the fundamental building blocks. The main types of logic gates include basic gates (AND, OR, NOT), universal gates (NAND, NOR), and special gates (Ex-OR, Ex-NOR), each performing specific logical functions. Basic gates implement Boolean functions, while universal gates can realize any Boolean function in their respective forms.

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38 views12 pages

Digital Circuits - Logic Gates

Digital circuits operate with two logic levels: Logic Low (0) and Logic High (1), with logic gates serving as the fundamental building blocks. The main types of logic gates include basic gates (AND, OR, NOT), universal gates (NAND, NOR), and special gates (Ex-OR, Ex-NOR), each performing specific logical functions. Basic gates implement Boolean functions, while universal gates can realize any Boolean function in their respective forms.

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Digital Circuits - Logic Gates

Digital electronic circuits operate with voltages of two logic


levelsnamely Logic Low and Logic High. The range of voltages
corresponding to Logic Low is represented with ‘0’. Similarly, the
range of voltages corresponding to Logic High is represented with
‘1’.
The basic digital electronic circuit that has one or more inputs and
single output is known as Logic gate. Hence, the Logic gates are
the building blocks of any digital system
Types of logic gates
 Basic gates
 Universal gates
 Special gates
Basic Gates
The Boolean functions can be
represented either in sum of
products form or in product of sums
form based on the requirement. So,
we can implement these Boolean
functions by using basic gates. The
basic gates are AND, OR & NOT
gates.
AND gate
 An AND gate is a digital circuit that has two or more inputs and produces
an output, which is the logical AND of all those inputs. It is optional to
represent the Logical AND with the symbol ‘.’.
The following table shows the truth table of 2-input AND gate.
OR gate
 An OR gate is a digital circuit that has two or more inputs and
produces an output, which is the logical OR of all those
inputs. This logical OR is represented with the symbol ‘+’.
 The following table shows the truth table of 2-input OR
gate.
NOT gate

 A NOT gate is a digital circuit that has single input and single output.
The output of NOT gate is the logical inversion of input. Hence, the
NOT gate is also called as inverter.
 The following table shows the truth table of NOT gate.
Universal gates

 NAND & NOR gates are called


as universal gates. Because we can
implement any Boolean function, which
is in sum of products form by using NAND
gates alone. Similarly, we can implement
any Boolean function, which is in product
of sums form by using NOR gates alone.
NAND gate

 NAND gate is a digital circuit that has two or more inputs and produces
an output, which is the inversion of logical AND of all those inputs.
 The following table shows the truth table of 2-input NAND gate.
NOR gate
 NOR gate is a digital circuit that has two or more inputs and produces
an output, which is the inversion of logical OR of all those inputs.
 The following table shows the truth table of 2-input NOR gate
Special Gates

 Ex-OR & Ex-NOR gates are called as


special gates. Because, these two gates
are special cases of OR & NOR gates.
Ex-OR gate

 The full form of Ex-OR gate is Exclusive-OR gate. Its function is same
as that of OR gate except for some cases, when the inputs having even
number of ones.
 The following table shows the truth table of 2-input Ex-OR gate.
Ex-NOR gate
 The full form of Ex-NOR gate is Exclusive-NOR gate. Its function
is same as that of NOR gate except for some cases, when the
inputs having even number of ones.
 The following table shows the truth table of 2-input Ex-NOR gate.

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