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R-Data Structures

The document provides an overview of data structures in R programming, emphasizing the importance of understanding various R-objects such as vectors, lists, matrices, arrays, factors, and data frames. It explains how to create and manipulate these data structures using specific functions and includes examples for clarity. Overall, it serves as a foundational guide for beginners to navigate data structures in R.

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manu
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
17 views

R-Data Structures

The document provides an overview of data structures in R programming, emphasizing the importance of understanding various R-objects such as vectors, lists, matrices, arrays, factors, and data frames. It explains how to create and manipulate these data structures using specific functions and includes examples for clarity. Overall, it serves as a foundational guide for beginners to navigate data structures in R.

Uploaded by

manu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Structures in R Programming

• Data structures are very important to


understand. Data structure are the objects
which we will manipulate in our day-to-day
basis in R. Dealing with object conversions is
the most common sources of despairs for
beginners. We can say that everything in R is
an object.
• The variables are assigned with R-Objects and
the data type of the R-object becomes the data
type of the variable. There are many types of R-
objects.
The frequently used ones are
• Vectors
• Lists
• Matrices
• Arrays
• Factors
• Data Frames
Vectors
• When you want to create vector with more
than one element, you should use c() function
which means to combine the elements into a
vector.
• Example
• > apple<- c('red','green','yellow')
• > print(apple)
[1] "red" "green" "yellow"
• > print(class(apple))
[1] "character"
Lists
• A list is an R-object which can contain many different types of
elements inside it like vectors, functions and even another list inside
it.
• Ex:-
• > list1<-list(c(2,3,4,5),23.4,sin)
• > print(list1)
[[1]]
[1] 2 3 4 5

[[2]]
[1] 23.4

[[3]]
function (x) .Primitive("sin")
Matrices

• A matrix is a two-dimensional rectangular data


set. It can be created using a vector input to the
matrix function.
Ex-
• > A=matrix(c(1,2,3,4,5,6),nrow=2,ncol=3)
• > print(A)
• [,1] [,2] [,3]
• [1,] 1 3 5
• [2,] 2 4 6
• > M = matrix( c('a','a','b','c','b','a'), nrow = 2,
ncol = 3, byrow = TRUE)
• > print(M)
• [,1] [,2] [,3]
• [1,] "a" "a" "b"
• [2,] "c" "b" "a"
Arrays

• While matrices are confined to two


dimensions, arrays can be of any number of
dimensions. The array function takes a dim
attribute which creates the required number
of dimension. In the below example we create
an array with two elements which are 3x3
matrices each.
• > a <- array(c('green','yellow'),dim = c(3,3,2))
• > print(a)
• ,,1

• [,1] [,2] [,3]


• [1,] "green" "yellow" "green"
• [2,] "yellow" "green" "yellow"
• [3,] "green" "yellow" "green"

• ,,2

• [,1] [,2] [,3]


• [1,] "yellow" "green" "yellow"
• [2,] "green" "yellow" "green"
• [3,] "yellow" "green" "yellow"
Factors
• Factors are the r-objects which are created
using a vector. It stores the vector along with
the distinct values of the elements in the vector
as labels. The labels are always character
irrespective of whether it is numeric or
character or Boolean etc. in the input vector.
They are useful in statistical modeling.
• Factors are created using the factor() function.
The nlevels functions gives the count of levels.
• # Create a vector.
• > apple_colors <-
c('green','green','yellow','red','red','red','green')
• # Create a factor object.
• > factor_apple <- factor(apple_colors)
# Print the factor.
• > print(factor_apple)
[1] green green yellow red red red green
Levels: green red yellow
• > print(nlevels(factor_apple))
[1] 3
Data Frames

• Data frames are tabular data objects. Unlike a


matrix in data frame each column can contain
different modes of data. The first column can be
numeric while the second column can be
character and third column can be logical. It is a
list of vectors of equal length.
• Data Frames are created using
the data.frame() function.
• # Create the data frame.
• > BMI <- data.frame(
• + gender = c("Male", "Male","Female"),
• + height = c(152, 171.5, 165),
• + weight = c(81,93, 78),
• + Age = c(42,38,26)
• +)
• > print(BMI)
• gender height weight Age
• 1 Male 152.0 81 42
• 2 Male 171.5 93 38
• 3 Female 165.0 78 26

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