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Machine Learning- Section #3 (Numpy)

NumPy is a Python library designed for efficient array manipulation and mathematical operations, significantly faster than traditional Python lists. It provides various functionalities for working with multi-dimensional arrays, including element-wise operations, matrix transposition, and array creation. NumPy is essential in data science due to its speed and resource efficiency.

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6 views21 pages

Machine Learning- Section #3 (Numpy)

NumPy is a Python library designed for efficient array manipulation and mathematical operations, significantly faster than traditional Python lists. It provides various functionalities for working with multi-dimensional arrays, including element-wise operations, matrix transposition, and array creation. NumPy is essential in data science due to its speed and resource efficiency.

Uploaded by

Mahmoud Ahmed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Machine Learning

Section (3) – NumPy


What is NumPy?

 NumPy is a Python library.

 NumPy is short for "Numerical Python".

 NumPy is a Python library used for working with arrays.

 It also has functions for working in domain of linear


algebra, fourier transform, and matrices.
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Why Use NumPy?

 In Python we have lists that serve the purpose of arrays, but they
are slow to process.

 NumPy aims to provide an array object that is up to 50x faster


than traditional Python lists.

 The array object in NumPy is called ndarray, it provides a lot of


supporting functions that make working with ndarray very easy.

 Arrays are very frequently used in data science, where speed and
resources are very important. 3
Why is NumPy Faster Than Lists?

 NumPy arrays are stored at one continuous place in


memory unlike lists, so processes can access and
manipulate them very efficiently.

 This behavior is called locality of reference in computer


science.

 This is the main reason why NumPy is faster than lists.


Also it is optimized to work with latest CPU architectures. 4
Installation of NumPy

 Install it using this command:

!pip install numpy

 Now NumPy is imported and ready to use.

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NumPy as np

 NumPy is usually imported under the np alias.

 alias: In Python alias are an alternate name for referring to the same thing.

 Create an alias with the as keyword while importing:

import numpy as np

arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])

print(arr)

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NumPy vs Python Lists

 Python List Operations (Concatenation, Not Element-wise Addition):

python_list = [1, 2, 3]print(python_list + python_list) # Output: [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3]

 Lists concatenate instead of performing element-wise addition.

 NumPy Array Operations (Element-wise Addition):

numpy_array = np.array([1, 2, 3])


print(numpy_array + numpy_array) # Output: [2, 4, 6]

 NumPy performs element-wise arithmetic operations.


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Dimensions in Arrays

 0-D Arrays:

arr = np.array(42)
print(arr)

 1-D Arrays:

arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])


print(arr)

 # 2-D Arrays:

arr = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])


print(arr) 8
Arrays, creation

 Common NumPy Functions

Function What the function do?


arr.shape Returns the shape of the array
arr.reshape Reshapes the array
np.mean(arr) Mean of elements in array
np.sum(arr) Sum of elements in array
np.zeros((2,2)), np.ones((3,3)) Creating zero and one matrices

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Arrays, creation

 Creating zero and one matrices


import numpy as np

# 1D array of 5 elements, all ones


ones_array = np.ones(5)
print("Ones Array:", ones_array)

# 2x3 (2 rows, 3 columns) array of zeros


zeros_array = np.zeros((2, 3))
print("Zeros Array:\n", zeros_array)

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Arrays, creation

 Creates an array of random numbers :


# 1D array of 5 random numbers
random_array = np.random.random(5)
print("Random Array:", random_array)

# 2x3 array of random numbers


random_2d_array = np.random.random((2, 3))
print("Random 2D Array:\n", random_2d_array)

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Array Indexing

 Indexing in 1-D Arrays:


arr = np.array([10, 20, 30, 40, 50])

print(arr[0]) # First element

print(arr[-1]) # Last element

 Indexing in 2-D Arrays:


arr = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]])

print(arr[1, 2]) # Row 1, Column 2 (Output: 6)


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Array Slicing

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Array Slicing

 Slicing in 1-D Arrays:


arr = np.array([10, 20, 30, 40, 50])
print(arr[1:4]) # Elements from index 1 to 3 (Output: [20, 30, 40])
print(arr[:3]) # First three elements (Output: [10, 20, 30])
print(arr[::2]) # Every second element (Output: [10, 30, 50])

 Slicing in 2-D Arrays:


arr = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]])
print(arr[:, 1]) # All rows, column 1 (Output: [2, 5, 8])
print(arr[0:2, 1:3]) # Rows 0-1, Columns 1-2 (Output: [[2, 3], [5, 6]])
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How to Transpose a Matrix in NumPy:

 The transpose of a matrix flips it over its diagonal.


 Rows become columns and vice versa.

15
How to Transpose a Matrix in NumPy:

# Create a 2x3 matrix


matrix = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]])
print("Original Matrix:\n", matrix)

# Transpose the matrix


transposed_matrix = matrix.T
print("Transposed Matrix:\n", transposed_matrix)

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Arithmetic Operations:

# 1. Arithmetic Operations are Element-Wise

a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
b = np.array([4, 5, 6])

# Element-wise addition
print("Addition:", a + b) # [5 7 9]

# Element-wise multiplication
print("Multiplication:", a * b) # [4 10 18]

# Element-wise division
print("Division:", a / b) # [0.25 0.4 0.5] 17
Logical Operators:

# 2. Logical Operators Return a Boolean Array

# Logical comparisons
c = np.array([10, 15, 20])

# Check if elements are greater than 12


print("Greater than 12:", c > 12) # [False True True]

# Check equality
print("Equal to 15:", c == 15) # [False True False]

# Combine logical conditions


print("Greater than 12 and less than 20:", (c > 12) & (c < 20)) # [False True False]
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Arrays, Vectors, Matrices, Images, and
Tensors

 Arrays: Structured lists of numbers stored efficiently in memory.

 Vectors: 1D arrays used to represent points or directions in space.

 Matrices: 2D arrays used to store tabular data or linear transformations.

 Images: Represented as 2D (grayscale) or 3D (RGB) arrays.

 Tensors: Multi-dimensional arrays generalizing vectors and matrices.


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Try it out yourself

 Code:
https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1oDldQj-
gMvtwqeb9RqFkOMSuQoDI3JrV?usp=sharing

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Thank you for your
attention!

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