Binary
introduction
A computer has many electronic
components that work as switches.
These components have two logics as
input and output: ON and OFF. A similar
logic is used to represent data in binary
form. ON is represented as 1 and OFF is
represented as 0.
topics:
Place value of denar Place value of binar
1 y system
2 y system
Converting denar
3 y to binary
Place value of denary system
The denary system has a base value of 10. It counts
in multiples of 10. The number 7324 has 7
thousands, 3 hundreds, 2 tens and 4 ones. The
following figure illustrates the place values in a
denary system.
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Place value of binary system
Real-time Data CollectionThe binary numbers
can also be represented using place values. The
place values have a base 2. The first 8 digits
are represented in the table below.
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IN THE FIGURE BELOW, THE DENARY NUMBER 24 IS
CONVERTED TO BINARY.
Figure 2: Binary
equivalent of 24
IN THE FIGURE BELOW, THE DENARY NUMBER 43 IS
CONVERTED TO BINARY.
Figure 3: Binary
equivalent of 43
CONVERTING DENARY TO BINARY
A denary number is converted to binary by
dividing it by 2 and calculating the
remainders, as shown in the following
example. Let us convert 91 to a binary
number.
Figure 3: Converting the denary number 91 to
binary
The binary equivalent of the denary number
91 is obtained by arranging the remainders
in reverse order.
The answer can be checked by:
(0×128)+(1×64)+(0×32)+(1×16)+(1×8)+(0×4)+(1×2)+(1
×1)= 91
A binary digit is referred to as a bit. A nibble consists of 4
bits. A byte consists of 8 bits. A byte is the smallest unit of
Binary
Binary com 5 Representing
4 binations numbers
6 Adding binary
numbers
Binary
combinations
AUDIO FILES USE BIT DEPTH TO DENOTE THE NUMBER OF BITS OF
INFORMATION IN EACH SAMPLE. A ONE-BIT SYSTEM HAS ONE-
PLACE VALUE AND CAN HAVE 2 POSSIBLE COMBINATIONS: 0 OR 1.
Similarly, a 3-bit system has three-place values and has 8
possible combinations, as shown in the table below:
Binary
Similarly, a 3-bit system has three-place
combinations values and has 8
possible combinations, as shown in the table below:
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From the above examples, it can be noted that an n-bit system
has 2n possible combinations.
Adding binary numbers
Adding binary numbers
When the binary digits 1 and 0 are added, the sum
is 1. When both the digits are 0, the sum is 0. When
both the digits are 1, the sum is 10 and 1 is carried
over. 0101 and 1001 represent the denary numbers
5 and 9. The sum of 5 and 9 is 14. Convert the sum
obtained to denary number.
(8×1)+(4×1)+(2×1)+(0×1)=14
Overflow Error
A CPU with an 8-bit register has a capacity of up to
11111111 in binary. If an extra bit is added, it is said to
be an overflow error. Consider the addition of two binary
numbers 11101101 and 10000100 as shown below:
Representing numbers
Programmers use many arithmetic
operations in a program. The numbers are
either represented as integers or floating-
point numbers. Integers are whole numbers
and floating-point numbers are used to
represent numbers with decimal points. A
16-bit system can represent integers up to
2^16-1=65535. 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit and 64-
bit are the most common bit lengths. back
Overflow Error
The sum of these two numbers is bigger than 8 bits (an
extra bit than the register can hold). The computer
thinks that 11101101+10000100=01110001 as it does
not have space to store the extra bit. The number of
bits a register can hold is called word size. Exceeding
the capacity of a word size in a register results in an
End of the topic
