OVER VIEW OF GTG PLANT AND
CONTROL OF TURBINE
MAIN GB COMPRESSOR AUX GB STARTING DE
ALTERNATOR TURBINE & LUBE OIL PUMP
COMBUSTOR
Gas Turbine principle
Heat added
2
Heater
Compressor 3 Turbine
1
cooler 4
Heat rejected
Description
At point 1 cold gas enter a compressor to raise pressure
At point 2 the gas passes to the heater where
temperature of gas is raised
At point 3 the hot gas enters the turbine where it
expands to a lower pressure. The shaft work developed
by turbine flows in two direction.
At point 4 the exhaust gas flows to cooler where heat is
rejected and gas is restored in initial position
Brayton /Joule cycle
2 3
Pressure
1 4
Volume
Two reversible adiabatic or isentropic processes (1-2 and 3-4)
Two constant pressure processes (2-3 and 4-1)
Rankine cycle
2 3
Pressure
1
4
Volume
1-2 (BFP)
2-3 (Boiler)
3-4 (Turbine)
4-1 (Condenser)
Open cycle gas turbine
Fuel
2
Compressor Combustion chamber 3 Turbine
1
4
Air from atmosphere Product of combustion to atmosphere
Salient points
The source of energy is normally the combustion of fuel
in air
In closed cycle, gas turbine also product of combustion
of fuel and air may be passed through the heater
In open cycle cooler is not required
The heater is replaced by combustion chamber and fuel
is burnt directly in air stream
Open cycle gas turbine (With heater)
Fuel
Heat exchanger
2 Combustion chamber
Compressor 3 Turbine
1
4
Product of combustion to atmosphere
Air from atmosphere
CONTROL SYSTEM
A control scheme of a gas turbine attempts to control the
following
SPEED
TEMPERATURE (COMBUSTOR OUTLET)
LOAD
START UP CHARACTERISTICS
ACCELERATION CONTROL
Above characteristics are achieved by modulating fuel
flow. Control signal ultimately acts on the fuel valve
CONTROL SYSTEM
SPEED: The speed control loop controls the speed of
the turbine by controlling the fuel flow . Speed control
have speed sensing as input to the controller.
TEMPERATURE: Materials used in the hot gas path of
gas turbine are stretched much closer to their limits than
any other machine. The control system takes design
temperature of hot flue gas path material as set point.
LOAD: The control loop takes the MW as the set point.
The control loop also interferes when rate of loading
exceeds a certain point as turbine is loaded fast the
damage of the component may occur
CONTROL SYSTEM
START UP CHARCTERISTIC: The
control system brings the gas turbine from
zero speed to operating speed using
preset level of fuel flow through automatic
sequencing of control signals to the
accessories, starting device and fuel
control system
CONTROL SYSTEM
ACCELERATION CONTROL: One critical
component of the turbine start sequence is
the acceleration to synchronous speed. A
design acceleration rate must be
maintained throughout start up to limit
stress on turbine parts.
MARK VI CONTROL SYSTEM
The main function of mark VI control
system are
Speed control during start up
Turbine load control during normal
operation on the grid
Protection against turbine over speed on
loss of load
Automatic generator synchronization
MARK VI CONTROL SYSTEM
It runs on PC based work station using MS
window client server architecture.
HMI provides operator display and control for
mark VI turbine controller
HMI contains a number of product feature
Dynamic graphics
Alarm display
Process variable trending
Point control display (For maintenance)
HMI access security
COMMUNICATION
DCS ETHERNET MODBUS DCS ETHERNET GSM
HMI SERVERNODE PLANT DATA HIGHWAY
I/O BOARD
UCVx CONTROLLER UNIT DATA HIGHWAY
MARK VI TMR CONFIGURATION
To other GE
TO DCS
control sys
Backup Protection
Primary Controller < P> PROT MOD
Ethernet < R> CONTL MOD
PS
X
Software < S> CONTL MOD
Voting PS
Y
< T> CONTL MOD
PS
Z
Ethernet- IONet
Primary Controller
Control
Protection
Monitoring
<R>, <S>, <T> are Control processor
Backup Protection
Emergency over speed
Synchro check protection
<X>, <Y>, <Z> are back up processor
MARK VI BOARDS
I/O Terminal Board
I/O Board
Processor Card
Communication Card
Protective Processor <X>, <Y>, <Z>
Rack Power Supply
Power Distribution Board
MARK VI I/O
General Purpose I/O
Contact Input
Relay Output
Analog I/O
Thermocouple Inputs
RTD inputs
Turbine specific I/O
Vibration Inputs
Speed Inputs
Servo channels for control valves (LVDT or LVDR )
Flame Inputs
Automatic Synchronizing
MARK VI COMMUNICATION
External Communication
HMI to Mark VI
HMI to DCS
Internal Communication
VCMI & Control processors
DCMI to I/O boards
I/O signal flow
Unit data Highway (UDH)
Ethernet network between controllers and HMI
Plant data Highway (PDH)
Connects HMI server with printers DCS etc
IONET
IONet is Ethernet network used to
communicate data between the VCMI
communication board in control module,
the I/O boards and three independent
sections of protection module
IONet also communicate data between
controllers in TMR system
CONTROL SYSTEM TOOLBOX
Window based application used to configure & maintain
Mark VI control equipment
Primary function includes
Graphical based editor for configuring application code
Block macros and module library support
Live data block flow diagrams
On line code change
On line help files
I/O configuration & monitoring
Signal management and signal trending
Report Generation
PASSWORD ADMINISTRATION
0-Level: Read only like view, monitor live data
1-Level: All function allowed in 0-Level and Change
Controller Variables and signals and drive advanced
maintenance like change the value of variable, force
signals in a controller
2-Level: All function allowed in 0 & 1 Level and full
controller access and drive advanced maintenance like
make code change, download,put in database and get
from data base
3-Level: Drive Block Area and Menu maintenance like
alter block area and change application menu structure
4-Level: Fuull Drive access like change GE
parameter,edit hardware
CIMPLICITY
Cimplicity is a graphical interface made up of
one or more screens used to monitor and control
the turbine operation
Cimplicity servers allows operator to directly
interface to the mark VI controller (UDH) using
graphical screen
The cimplicity server interface to the mark VI is
done by the cimplicity project. This project is
controlled by a project file using cimplicity work
bench program
TROUBLE SHOOTING TOOLS
Finder/Signal Browser
