REGENT EDUCATION AND RESEARCH

FOUNDATION GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS

Presentation
On
Concept of Power System Stability

Name : Sridhar Pathak

Roll No:26301619001
Subject: Power System Dynamics & Control
Stream: Electrical Engineering
Year: 4th Sem : 8th
Introduction to Stability
of Power System:
 In all power systems, the larger machines are of the
synchronous type, these include substantially all the
generators and condensers, and a considerable part of
the motors. On such systems it is necessary to maintain
synchronism, otherwise a standard of service to the
consumers will not be achieved. The transient
disturbances are caused by the changes in loads,
switching operations, and, particularly, faults and loss of
excitation.
 Thus, maintenance of synchronism during steady state
conditions and regaining of synchronism or equilibrium
after a disturbance are of prime importance to the
electrical utilities. The term ‘stability’ can be interpreted
as ‘maintenance of synchronism’. These two terms are
quite frequently used interchangeably.
Introduction to Stability
of Power System:
 The present trend is towards interconnection of the
power systems; resulting into increased lengths
and increased reactance of the system, this
presents an acute problem of maintenance of
stability of the system.
 The term ‘power limit’ is also sometimes
interpreted as ‘stability’ because to have the
maximum utility of the system it should be capable
of supplying maximum power without causing
instability. Power system stability, in general terms,
may be defined as its ability to respond to a
disturbance from its normal operation by returning
to a condition where the operation is again normal.
The terms ‘stability’
and ‘stability limit’ :

 Stability when used with reference to a power

system, is that attribute of the system, or part of the
system, which enables it to develop restoring forces
between the elements thereof, equal to or greater
than the disturbing forces so as to restore a state of
equilibrium between the elements.
 A stability limit is the maximum power flow possible
through some particular point in the system or the
part of the system to which the stability limit refers
is operating with stability.
three stability conditions:

 1. Steady state stability.

 2. Transient stability.
 3. Dynamic stability.
1. Steady State
Stability:
 ‘Steady state stability’ may be defined as the
capability of an electric power system to maintain
synchronism between machines within the system and
external tie lines following a small slow disturbance
(normal load fluctuations, the action of automatic
voltage regulators and turbine governors).
 In case the maximum power transfer exceeds under
this condition, individual machines or groups of
machines will cease to operate in synchronism, violent
fluctuations of the voltage will occur and the steady
state limit for the system as a whole would have been
reached. The steady state stability limit refers to the
maximum power which can be transferred through the
system without loss of stability.
2. Transient Stability:

 Loss of synchronism is, however, possible at loads (or

disturbances) below the steady state limit, if they are suddenly
applied or removed. When dealing with such large sudden
disturbances a concept of transient stability is introduced. A
sudden large disturbance includes application of faults, clearing of
faults, sudden load changes, and inadvertent tripping of lines and
generators.
 The maximum power which can be transferred through the system
without the loss of stability under sudden disturbances is referred
as transient stability limit.
 Transient stability is the ability of the system to remain in
synchronism during the period following a disturbance and prior to
the time that the governors can act. Ordinarily the first swing of
machine rotors will take place within about one second following
the disturbance, but the exact time depends on the characteristics
of the machines and the transmission system. Following this
period, governors begin to take effect, and dynamic stability
conditions are effective.
3. Dynamic Stability:

 It is the ability of a power system to remain in

synchronism after the ‘initial swing’ (transient stability
period) until the system has settled down to the new
steady state equilibrium condition. When sufficient
time has elapsed after a disturbance, the governors of
the prime movers will react to increase or reduce
energy input, as may be required, to re-establish a
balance between energy input and the existing
electrical load.
 This usually occurs in about 1-1.5 seconds after the
disturbance. The period between the time the
governors begin to react and the time that steady
state equilibrium is re-established is the period when
dynamic stability characteristics of a system are
effective.
3. Dynamic Stability:

 It is possible to have transient stable but dynamically

unstable conditions. Immediately after a disturbance,
the machine rotors will go through the first swing
(before governor action) successfully, and then, after
governor control is initiated, the oscillations will start
increasing until the machine falls out of synchronism.
 Such action can occur if the time delays of the
governor control are such that, following the sensing
of necessity for increasing or reducing energy input,
action is delayed sufficiently in time to augment
rather than diminish the next swing. If such a
condition exists, the oscillations of the machine rotor
can continue to build up until the machine falls out of
synchronism.
THANK YOU