Reading in
History Philippine
Presented by: Hanah Kimchie S.
Espero
CARLOS P.
GARCIA
The EIGHT PRESIDENT OF REUPBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINE
Wha t w e ' l l d i s c u s s
• THE EARLY LIFE, EDUCATIONAL
ATTAINMENT AND CAREER OF CARLOS
P. GARCIA
• THE PROGRAMS OF GARCIA
ADMINISTRATION
• THE ISSUE AND CONTROVERSIES
DURING ADMINISTRATION OF GARCIA
E ar l y l i fe an d e du c ati o n al attai n me n t
CARLOS POLESTICO GARCIA
• He was born on November 4, 1896 in Talibon, Bohol.
• His parent are Ambrosia Polestico and Policronio Garcia.
• He acquired his primary education in his native Talibon.
• He took his secondary education in Cebu Provincial High
School.
• He pursued his college education at Siliman University in
Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental, and later studied at
Philippine Law School where he earned his law degree in
1923.
CARLOS P. GARCIA
Poet
Orator Political Economist
Lawyer Public Official
Filipino Teacher
Family
On May 24, 1933, he married Leonila
Dimataga Garcia. The couple had a
daughter, Linda Garcia-Campos
POLITICAL CAREER
• Garcia entered politics in 1925, scoring an impressive victory to become
representative of the third district of Bohol.
• He was elected for another term in 1928 and served until 1931.
• He was elected Governor of Bohol in 1933, but served only until 1941
when he successfully ran for Senate, but he was unable to serve due to
the Japanese occupation of the Philippines during World War II
Vice-presidency (1953–1957)
Garcia was the running mate of Ramon
Magsaysay in the 1953 presidential
election in which both men won. He was
appointed secretary of foreign affairs by
President Magsaysay, and for four years
served concurrently as vice-president.
Garcia acted as chairman of the eight-
nation Southeast Asian Security Conference
held in Manila in September 1954, which
led to the development of the Southeast
Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO).
• At the time of President Magsaysay's sudden death due
to an airplane crash on March 17, 1957, Garcia was
heading the Philippine delegation to the SEATO
conference then being held at Canberra, Australia.
Having been immediately notified of the tragedy, Vice
President Garcia enplaned back for Manila. Upon his
arrival, he directly reported to Malacañang Palace to
assume the duties of president.
• March 18, 1957 Garcia was sworn in as president of the Philippines and
continued 8 months of president Magsaysay’s Tenure.
• November 12, 1957 President Garcia won a full term as president with a
landslide win in the national elections.
• Garcia, the Nacionalista candidate, garnered around 2.07 million votes or
41% of the total votes counted
Presidency (1957–1961)
GARCIA ADMINISTRATION
PROGRAMS
GARCIA ADMINISTRATION PROGRAMS
Austerity Program Bohlen-Serrano
Agreement
Filipino First Policy
CREATION OF THE
INTERNATIONAL RICE
INSTITUTE
ANTI - COMMUNISM
REPUBLIC CULTURAL AWARD
PROGRAMS
FILIPINO FIRST POLICY
Garcia exercised the Filipino First Policy, for which he was known. This policy
heavily favored Filipino businessmen over foreign investors. He was also
responsible for changes in retail trade which greatly affected the Chinese
businessmen in the country.
“We are called upon to decide on this momentous debate whether or not this
land of ours will remain the cradle and grave, the womb and tomb of our race –
the only place where we can build our homes, our temples, and our altars and
where we erect the castles of our racial hopes, dreams and traditions and where
we establish the warehouse of our happiness and prosperity, of our joys and
sorrows”.
CARLOS P. GARCIA
(1946)
AUSTERITY PROGRAM
• Was implemented by Garcia in order to cut the rampant graft and
corruption within the country. The program centered on wise
spending, industry, thrift, trustworthiness, integrity, and honesty.
• He promised to shake off "the yoke of alien domination in business, trade,
commerce and industry"
OHLEN–SERRANO AGREEMENT
• During his administration, he acted on the Bohlen–Serrano Agreement,
which shortened the lease of the American military bases from 99 years to
25 years and made it renewable after every five years.
CREATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL RICE
INSTITUTE
President Garcia, with the strong advocacy of Agriculture and Natural
Resources Secretary Juan G. Rodriguez, invited the Ford Foundation and
the Rockefeller Foundation "to establish a rice research institute" in Los
Baños, Laguna. This led to the establishment of the International Rice
Research Institute in 1960
REPUBLIC CULTURAL AWARD
In addition to his laws and programs, the Garcia administration also
put emphasis on reviving the Filipino culture. In doing so, the
Republic Cultural Award was created.
To this day, the award is being given to Filipino artists, scientists,
historians, and writers
ANTI - COMMUNISM
After much discussion, both official and public, the Congress of
the Philippines, finally, approved a bill outlawing the Philippine
Communist Party.
Despite the pressure exerted against the congressional measure,
Garcia signed the aforementioned bill into law as Republic Act
No. 1700 or the Anti-Subversion Act on June 19, 1957.
THE ISSUES AND PROBLEM OF
GARCIA ADMINISTRATION
PRIMARY PROBLEMS
The main problem that was facing the Garcia administration was the
current economic situation during that time. Corruption was also
prevalent in the country since he had just inherited the Magsaysay
administration. Several cases of corruption were found within the
government offices during his administration.
The imports that were coming in the country greatly outnumbered
the exports that we were shipping out of the country, making the
Philippines highly dependent on foreign products that required
dollars to purchase.
1961 PRESIDENT ELECTION
At the end of his second term, he ran for re–election in the
presidential elections of November 14, 1961, but was defeated by
Vice President Diosdado Macapagal, who belonged to the rival
Liberal Party
Post-presidency and death (1961–1971)
After his failed re-election bid, Garcia retired to Tagbilaran to resume life as a
private citizen.
On June 1, 1971, Garcia was elected delegate of the 1971 Constitutional
Convention, where delegates elected him as president of the convention.
However, on June 14, 1971, Garcia died from a heart attack on 5:57 p.m. at his
Manila residence along Bohol Avenue (now Sergeant Esguerra Avenue), Quezon
City. He was succeeded as president of the convention by his former vice-
president, Diosdado Macapagal.
Thank You
for listening!
REFERENCE
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
• Carlos_P._Garcia
https://philippinespres.weebly.com/carlos-p-
garcihtmla.
• https://www.britannica.com/biography/Carlos-
P-Garcia
• https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/carlos-p-
garcia/m03pnzp?hl=en
• https://artsandculture.google.com/entity/carlos-p-
garcia/m03pnzp?hl=en
• https://bloomspresidents.wordpress.com/
