CSC 101 – Applications of

Information and
Communication
Technologies
Prof. Dr. Majid Iqbal Khan
[email protected]
Course Information
 This course covers the basics of Information and Communications
Technologies. Topics include - Overview of ICT; Computing Models;
Computer Systems & Components; Number Systems & Computer Codes;
System & Application Software; Introduction to Databases & Information
Systems; Computer Networks & Internet; Security; Future Trends in ICT;

 Problem Solving Concepts; Program Development Lifecycle; Introduction

to Python.
Major Topics Covered in the
Course
Course Learning
Outcomes
Books
 Textbooks:
 Understanding Computers: Today and Tomorrow, Comprehensive,
Deborah Morley, Charles S. Parker, Cengage Learning, 2017.
 Python Basics: A Practical Introduction to Python 3, David Amos, Dan
Bader, Joanna Jablonski, and Fletcher Heisler, Real Python, 2021

 Reference Books:
 Foundations of Computer Science, Forouzan, B., McGraw-Hill, 2017.
 Starting Out with Python, Gaddis, T., Addison-Wesley, 2016.
 Problem Solving & Programming, Sprankle, M., Hubbard, J., Prentice
Hall, 2012.
Assessment plan for the course
Plagiarism Policy

 Any assignment found 20% or more copied from the

internet will be marked 0 (ZERO).
 Any assignment copied from the classmate will also
be marked 0 (ZERO).
 Both for the source and the copied one.
 No consideration will be made regarding plagiarized
assignments.
Contact

 Office
 G46, Ground Floor, CS Dept, Academic
Block II

 Email
 [email protected]
Lecture 01
Outline
 Definition of IT
 Computer Technology
 Communication Technology
 Role of IT in Society

 Input Devices:
 Keyboard, Pointing & Touch Devices, Game Controllers,
Optical Input Devices, Audio Visual Devices
 Output Devices:
Monitors, Audio Output, Printers & Plotters
 Models:
 Turing Model,
 Von Neumann Model;
 What is Information
Technology

 Fusion of computer and communication technology

 Computer Technology
 Programmable, multiuse machine that accepts data and

processes it into usable information, such as summaries,

reports
 Used to speed up problem solving and increase productivity.

 Communication Technology
 Consists of electromagnetic/optical devices and systems for

communicating over long distances

What is Information
Technology

 InfoTech or IT is any technology that helps to

produce, manipulate, store, communicate, and/or
disseminate information
 Merges computing with high-speed
communications links carrying data, sound, and
video
Question

 How have you been using

communication Technology in
your life?
Some examples of IT

 Video Conferencing
Some examples of IT

 GPS Tracking
 Track your vehicles, wherever they go,
using GPS.
Some examples of IT
 Image Morphing
 changing (or morphing) one image into another through
a seamless transition

Image Courtesy: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morphing

What is a Computer and
What Does it Do?
• Computer
– A programmable, electronic device that accepts data, performs
operations on that data, and stores the data
– Follows instructions, called programs, which determine the tasks a
computer should perform
• Basic Operations
– Input: Entering data into the computer
– Processing: Performing operations on the data
– Output: Presenting the results
– Storage: Saving data, programs, or output for future use
– Communications: Sending or receiving data

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Communication Defined
 Communication: To transfer data/information from one

point to another
▪ Using Wires
▪ Electrical Signals

▪ Optical Signals (Light) - fiber

▪ Wireless
▪ Electromagnetic Waves

▪ Acoustic Waves (Sound) ….?

▪ Signals
▪ Digital

▪ Analog
Related IT terms

 What is a Network?
 Communications system connecting two or more

computers with/without wires

 What does being online mean?
 Using a computer or any other device, connected

through a voice or data network, to access information

and services from another computer or device
Related IT terms
Cyberspace
 Encompasses the whole wired and wireless world of
communications

The Internet
“Network of Networks”

Multimedia
Technology that presents information in more than one medium,
such as text, images, video, and sound

World Wide Web

“graphical side of the Internet”
global network of linked documents on the Internet
Related IT terms

The E-word ; E Stands for Electronic

E-mail

E-learning

E-business

E-commerce

E-government
Question

 Generatea list of ways the

computer/IT has impacted the world.
 Include both positive changes and
negative changes. (think creatively)
Who Uses Computers?

 Musicians
Military
 Filmmakers
Doctors
 Attorneys
Educators
 Bankers
Engineers
 Architects
Computers In Society
 Computers in education
 Computer literacy required at all levels

 Computers in small business

 Makes businesses more profitable
 Allows owners to manage

 Computers in industry
 Computers are used to design products
 Assembly lines are automated

1A-25
Computers In Society
 Computers in government
 Necessary to track data for population
▪ Police officers
▪ Tax calculation and collection
 Governments were the first computer users

1A-26
Computers in the
Home
• Computers used for a variety of tasks:
– Looking up information and news
– Exchanging e-mail
– Shopping and paying bills
– Watching TV and videos
– Downloading music and movies
– Organizing digital photographs
– Playing games
– Making vacation plans

27
Computers in the Home
• Used for reference, productivity, and entertainment
• Wireless networking
– Computers can be used in nearly any location
• Smart appliances
– Traditional appliances with built-in computer or
communication technology
• Smart homes
– Household tasks are monitored and controlled by a main computer
in the house

28
Computers in Education
• Youth today: the computing generation
• Computer labs and classrooms
– Most students today have access to computers at school
– Some schools integrate e-books into the curriculum
• Wireless hotspots
– Colleges and universities are even more integrated
– Some have computer requirements for enrollment
• Supplied or Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)
• Distance learning
– Students participate from locations other than the traditional
classroom setting using computers and Internet access

29
Computers in Education

30
Computers on the Job
• Computers have become a universal on-the-job tool for
decision-making, productivity, and communication
– By all types of employees
– For access control and other security measures
– For service professional use
– Extensively by the military
– Requires continually refreshing computer skills
– Common uses:
– Decision making, productivity, off-site communications, and
authentication

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Computers on the Job

32
Computers on the Go
• Computers are encountered in nearly every aspect of daily life
– Consumer kiosks
– ATM transactions
– POS systems at retail stores
– Self-checkout systems
– Consumer authentication systems
– Portable computers or mobile devices
– GPS systems

33
Technology and You
Restaurant iPad Ordering Systems
– Used in conjunction with e-menus
– Customers can place and pay for orders
– Can provide more resources to customers

34
Computers In Health
Care
 Computers in health care
 Revolutionized health care
 New treatments possible
 Scheduling of patients has improved
 Delivery of medicine is safer

1A-35
 Input Devices
 Hardware used to enter data and
instructions

36
Two Common Input Devices

 Keyboard

 Mouse

37
The Keyboard
 First peripheral to be used with
computers
 The most common input device for
inputting text and numbers
 About 100 keys
 Must be proficient with keyboard
 Skill is called keyboarding

38
39
The Mouse
 All modern computers have a variant
 Allows users to select objects
 Pointer moved by the mouse
 Mechanical mouse
 Rubber ball determines direction and speed
 The ball often requires cleaning
 Optical mouse
 Light shown onto mouse pad
 Reflection determines speed and direction
 Requires little maintenance

40
The Mouse
mouse buttons
wheel
button

ball

41
Optical Mouse

42
Benefits of Using
Mouse
 Pointer positioning is fast

 Menu interaction is easy

 Users can draw electronically

43
Touch Screens
 Accept input by
allowing the user to
place a fingertip
directly on the
computer screen
 Use sensors to detect
touch
 Well suited for simple
applications
 ATM
 Public information kiosk

44
Touch Screens
 Work well in environments where dirt or
weather would render keyboards and
pointing devices useless, and
 Where a simple, intuitive interface is
important.
 Touch screens have become common in
 fast-food restaurants,
 department stores,
 drugstores, and supermarkets,
 where they are used for all kinds of purposes,
from creating personalized greeting cards to
selling lottery tickets.
45
Game Controllers
 Enhances gaming experience
 Provide custom input to the game
 Modern controllers offer feedback
 Two broad Categories
 Joystick
 Game pad

46
Joystick
 Around for long time
 Can be used other than games
 enable the user to “ fly” or “ drive”
through a game, directing a vehicle
or character
 popular in racing and flying games
 One variant is the racing game
controller, which includes an actual
steering wheel
 some racing game controllers even
include foot pedals and gearshifts
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Game Pad
 Is a small, flat device that usually provides
two sets of controls— one for each hand.
 extremely flexible and are used to control
many kinds of games
 If you do not have a joystick, you can use a
game pad to control most racing and flying
games.
 Many computer games still provide support
for a mouse or keyboard, so a dedicated
game controller is not always required

48
Optical Input Devices
 Allows the computer to
see input
 Bar code readers
 Converts bar codes to
numbers
▪ UPC Universal Product Code
 Computer find number in
a database
 Works by reflecting light
▪ Amount of reflected light
indicates number

49
Bar Code Reading Process

 Reader emits a beam of that is reflected by the

bar code image
 Light-sensitive detector identifies the bar code
image by recognizing special bars at both ends of
the image
 Special bars are different, so the reader can tell
whether the bar code has been read right-side up
or upside down
 After detector has identified the bar code, it
converts the individual bar patterns into numeric
digits code the computer can understand
 Reader then feeds the data into the computer

50
Image Scanners

 Converts printed media into electronic

 Reflects light on the image
 Sensors read the intensity
 Filters determine color depths

51
 How an Image is
Scanned
 A light source is moved across a printed
page
 The light bounces off the page and is
passed through a lens
 And onto the light sensitive diodes which
converts light to electricity. There are
usually 300-600 diodes per inch.
 A circuit board converts the electricity to
numbers and send the information to the
computers

52
Audiovisual Input
Devices
 Microphones
 Used to record speech
 Speech recognition
▪ “Understands” human speech
▪ Allows dictation or control of computer
▪ Matches spoken sound to known phonemes
▪ Enters best match into document

53
Speech Recognition
 Demand for translating spoken words into
text
 Translating voice to text is a capability
known as speech recognition (or voice
recognition).
 With it, you can dictate to the computer
instead of typing, and you can control the
computer with simple commands
 Translates phonemes into text or
commands

54
 Other type of Audio
Input
 Computers can accept many kinds of
audio input
 Sound card with the appropriate plugs
 a compact disc
 a tape player
 a radio
 even a record player
 Ifthe audio source outputs sounds in the
form of analog, sound card must convert
the analog signals into digital code so the
computer can store and use it.
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Video Input

 With growth of multimedia and the

Internet, computer users are adding
video input capabilities to their systems
in great numbers
 Applications such as video conferencing
enable people to use full-motion video
images
 Videos are commonly used in
presentations and on Web pages

56
Video Camera and Webcam

 Video cameras used with computers

digitize images by breaking them into
individual pixels
 Pixel is one or more dots that express a
portion of an image
 Each pixel’s color and other
characteristics are stored as digital code
 With Webcam the user can “capture”
images of himself or herself while
working at the computer

57
Digital Cameras
 Portable, handheld devices that capture
still images
 Digitizes the image
 Compresses it, and
 Stores it on a special memory card.
 User can then copy the information to a
PC, where the image can be edited,
copied, printed, embedded in a
document, or transmitted to another user

58
Digital Cameras
 Digital cameras have become standard equipment
for designers of all kinds.
 In Web page design, digital cameras enable
designers to shoot a subject and quickly load the
images onto their computers.
 This process saves the step of acquiring existing
photographs or developing and printing film-based
photos—which must be scanned into the
computer.
 Designers can update a Web site’s illustrations
quickly and regularly using digital cameras.
 Graphic designers can edit and enhance digital
photographs in innumerable ways, using photo-
editing software
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Monitors
 Most common output device
 Connects to the video card or controller
 Two types
 Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
 Flat-panel
 Categorized by color output
 Monochrome
▪ One color with black background
 Grayscale
▪ Varying degrees of gray
 Color
▪ Display 4 to 16 million colors
60
Cathode Ray Tube
(CRT)
 Most common type of monitor

61
Liquid Crystal Display
(LCD)
 Commonly found on laptops
 Desktop versions exist
 Solve the problems of CRT
 Fluorescent lights provide illumination

62
Light Emitting Diodes
(LED)
 Uses light-emitting diodes as a video
display
 Produce images with greater dynamic
contrast;
 Can be extremely slim, some screens less
than half an inch (0.92 cm) thick;
 Produce less environmental pollution on
disposal;
 are more expensive;
 Have typically 20 to 30% lower power
consumption
64
Sound Systems

 Integral part of the computer experience

 Capable of recording and playback

65
Sound Cards
 Device between the CPU and speakers
 Converts digital sounds to analog
 Can be connected to several devices

66
Headphones and
Headsets
 Replacement for speakers and
microphones
 Offer privacy
 Does not annoy other people
 Outside noise is not a factor
 Headsets have speakers and a
microphone

67
Commonly Used
Printers
 Impact printers
 Generate output by striking the paper
 Uses an inked ribbon
 Most common
▪ Dot Matrix
▪ Line Printer and Band Printers
 Non-impact printers
 Use methods other than force
 Tend to be quiet and fast
 Most Common
▪ Ink jet and Laser

68
Dot Matrix Printer

 Can produce sheets of plain text very

quickly
 Used to print to multi-sheet pages
 Printing on wide-sheet paper
 Print head strikes inked ribbon
 Speed measured in characters per second
(CPS)

69
 Dot Matrix Printer
Parts

70
Laser Printer
 Non-impact printer
 Works on a similar process as photocopier
 Laser is at the heart of these printers.
 Produces high quality documents
 Color or black and white
 Speed measured in pages per minute
 Quality expressed as dots per inch

73
How Laser Creates an Image

74
Laser Printer Technology

75
Plotters

 Large high quality blueprints

 Older models draw with pens
 Operational costs are low
 Output is very slow

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Summary
 Definition of IT
 Computer Technology
 Communication Technology
 Role of IT in Society
 Input Devices:
 Keyboard,
 Pointing & Touch Devices,
 Game Controllers,
 Optical Input Devices, Audio Visual Devices;
 Output Devices:
 Monitors,
 Audio Output,
 Printers & Plotters.