The group of people
managing the affairs of a
country is called a
Government.
• Protects the
boundaries of the
country and maintain
peaceful relations
with other countries .
• To govern the
country.
• To maintain the law
and order.
• To look after the
PARLIAMENTARY FORM OF
GOVERNMENT :
In this kind of government , the Prime
Minister is the real head of the
government and President is the
executive head of the government.
PRESIDENTIAL FROM OF
GOVERNMENT :
In such a government , President is
the real head.
He/she is elected by the people
directly.
Of the three organs of the The legislature is that organ of the
government, the place of government which formulates laws.
primacy belongs to the Legislature enjoys a very special and
Legislature. The function of important place in every democratic
government begins by law- state. It is the assembly of the elected
making and is followed up representatives of the people and
by law-enforcement . As represents national public opinion and
such, the legislature is the power of the people.
first organ of the
government.
1. Legislative or Law-making Functions:
The first and foremost function of a legislature is to legislate i.e. to make laws. It
is the legislature which formulates the will of the state into laws and gives it a
legal character. Legislature transforms the demands of the people into
authoritative laws/statutes.
2. Constituent Functions:
In almost every state, it is the legislature which has the power to amend the
constitution. For this purpose legislature has to pass special laws, called
amendments, in accordance with the procedure laid down in the Constitution.
3. Electoral Functions:
A legislature usually performs some electoral functions. The two houses of the
Indian Parliament elect the Vice-President. All elected MPs and MLAs form the
Electoral College which elects the President of India.
The executive executes and enforces law. In political systems based on the principle of
separation of powers, authority is distributed among several branches (executive,
legislative, judicial)—an attempt to prevent the concentration of power in the hands of
a small group of people.
Functions :
(a) Execution of Laws and Judicial Decision:
The executive is entrusted with the responsibility to execute laws made by the
legislature, and decisions of the Judiciary coming in the forms of judgements of courts.
(b) Maintenance of Law and Order:
Another important function of the executive is to maintain law and order.
(c) Policy-Formation:
In respect of policy-making, the executive has a crucial role. It prepares the blue-print of
the policy which goes to the legislature in the form of bill. The policy emerges after the
bill is passed by the legislature and the head of state gives assent to it.
Judiciary is an important branch of the government of India. It is an
independent body and is different from executive and legislature.
Judiciary operates in such a way that it keeps both the executive and
legislature in their mandated role. The main function is to deliver justice
to the people.
Structure of Judiciary of India :
Indian constitution has established an integrated judicial system.
It has three Tier structure –
Supreme Court
High Court
Subordinate Court
1. Prevention of violation of law: In case of violation of law, a case is filed against
the offender. The judge hears both sides and decides whether there has been a
break of the law. In case of violation of law, the judiciary establishes justice by
providing redress and punishing the offender.
2. Making of new law: The judges, by way of interpreting the existing laws, make
new laws
3. Protection of fundamental rights: The Judiciary acts as a protector of rights of
the citizens guaranteed by the law of the land and the constitution.
4. Guardian of the constitution: The Judiciary is regarded as the guardian of the
constitution.
5. Decides on constitutional questions: If there is any constitutional conflict or
dispute between the Union and the States or among different States, the dispute is
brought to the federal Court who decides and acts as the guardian of the federal
constitution.
Adult franchise means that the
right to vote should be given to
all adult citizens without the
discrimination of caste, class,
color , religion or sex. It is
based on equality which is a
basic principle of democracy. It
demands that the right to
vote should be equally
available among all.
OUR HONORABLE OUR HONORABLE
PRESIDENT : PRIME MINISTER:
SHRI RAM NATH SHRI NARENDRA MODI
KOVIND
