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Anatomy and Physiology of Female Genital System Dr Eman Taha1معدل

The document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive system, detailing both external structures like the vulva and internal structures such as the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. Each component is described in terms of its location, structure, and function, including the roles of the uterus in menstruation, pregnancy, and childbirth. Additionally, the document highlights the functions of the ovaries in hormone secretion and ovum production.

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43 views30 pages

Anatomy and Physiology of Female Genital System Dr Eman Taha1معدل

The document provides an overview of the anatomy and physiology of the female reproductive system, detailing both external structures like the vulva and internal structures such as the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. Each component is described in terms of its location, structure, and function, including the roles of the uterus in menstruation, pregnancy, and childbirth. Additionally, the document highlights the functions of the ovaries in hormone secretion and ovum production.

Uploaded by

alsrhbdallhlymhmd
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE

SYSTEM

DR/ EMAN TAHA

1 /10/2024
EXTERNAL FEMALE
STRUCTURES
 Collectively, the external female reproductive
organs are called the Vulva.
• Mons Pubis.
• Labia Majora
• Labia Minora.
• Clitoris.
• Vestibule.
• Perineum
MONS PUBIS
Is rounded, soft fullness of subcutaneous fatty
tissue,over the symphysis pubis that forms the
anterior border of the external reproductive
organs.

It is covered by pubic hair.


LABIA MAJORA
The labia Majora are two thick elongated
skin folds that extended from the mons
pubis to the perineum.
It is protect the labia minora, urinary
meatus and vaginal introitus.
A R O IN M IA B A L

 Are 2 thin skin folds


 It is located between the labia majora
 Devoid fat and hair
 The inner surfaces are similar to vaginal
mucosa, pink and mois.
 Their rich vascularity.

CLITORIS
 Small erectile organ.
 It’s rich vascular, highly sensitive to
temperature, touch, and pressure
VESTIBULE
 Is oval-shaped area formed between the labia
minora and clitoris.
 Vestibule contains the external urethral
meatus, vaginal introitus, and Bartholins
glands.
PERINEUM

 Is the most posterior part of the external


female reproductive organs.
 And is composed of fibrous and muscular
tissues that support pelvic structures.
INTERNAL FEMALE
STRUCTURES
Vagina
Uterus
Fallopian tubes
Ovaries
VAGINA
 It is an elastic fibro-muscular tube and
membranous tissue about 8 to 10 cm long.
 Lying between the bladder anteriorly and
the rectum posteriorly.
 The vagina connects the uterus above with
the vestibule below.
 The reaction of the vagina is acidic, the pH
is 4.5 that protects the vagina against
infection.
FUNCTIONS OF THE VAGINA

• To allow discharge of the


menstrual flow.
• As the female organs of coitus.
• To allow passage of the fetus from
the uterus.
UTERUS
 is a hollow, pear shaped muscular organ.
 measures about 7.5 X 5 X 2.5 cm and
weight about 50 – 60 gm.
Its normal position is anteverted
(rotated forward and slightly antiflexed
(flexed forward)
divided into three parts:
1-Body
2-Isthmus
3- Cervix
1. BODY OF THE UTERUS
The upper part is the corpus, or body
of the uterus
The fundus is the part of the body or
corpus above the area where the
fallopian tubes enter the uterus.
Length about 5 cm.
2. ISTHMUS
A narrower transition zone.
Is between the body of the uterus and
cervix.
During late pregnancy, the isthmus
elongates and is known as the lower
uterine segment.
CERVIX .3
The lowermost position of the uterus
“neck”.
The length of the cervix is about 2.5 t0 3 cm.
The os, is the opening in the cervix that
runs between the uterus and vagina.
The upper part of the cervix is marked
by internal os and the lower cervix is
marked by the external os.
LAYERS OF THE UTERUS
 Perimetrium: Is the outer
peritoneal layer of serous membrane that
covers most of the uterus.
 Myometrium: Is the middle layer of
thick muscle, The myometrium contains
three types of smooth muscle fiber
 Endometrium: inner layer,
thickness between 1-8 mm.
FUNCTION OF THE UTERUS
Menstruation : the uterus sloughs off
the endometrium.
Pregnancy: the uterus support fetus
and allows the fetus to grow.
Labor and birth : the uterine
muscles contract and the cervix
dilates during labor to expel the fetus
FALLOPIAN TUBES
 The two tubes extended from the cornu of the
uterus to the ovary.
 It runs in the upper free border of the broad
ligament.
 Length 8 to 14 cm average 10 cm
 Its divided into 4 parts:-
• 1-Interstitial part
• 2- Isthmus
• 3. Ampulla
• 4. Infundibulum
1. INTERSTITIAL PART:
Which runs into uterine cavity, passes
through the myometrium between the
fundus and body of the uterus.
About 1-2cm in length.

2. ISTHMUS:
Which is the narrow part of the
tube adjacent to the uterus.
Straight and cord like
3. AMPULLA
 is the wider part
about 5 cm in length.
Fertilization occurs in the ampulla.

4. INFUNDIBULUM
It is funnel shaped.
Fimbriae are fingerlike processes, one
of these is longer than the other and
adherent to the ovary.
OVARIES
Oval solid structure, 1.5 cm in thickness,
2.5 cm in width and 3.5 cm in length
respectively. Each weights about 4–8 gm.
Ovary is located on each side of the
uterus, below and behind the uterine
tubes
Structure of the ovaries:-
• Cortex
• Medulla
• Hilum
OVARIES AND RELATIONSHIP TO
UTERINE TUBE AND UTERUS

Figure 28–14
FUNCTION OF THE
OVARY
Secrete estrogen and
progesterone.
Production of ova
THANKS

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