CHAPTER 3

Decimals

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3-1 Learning Outcomes

 Read and write decimals.

 Round decimals.

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3-1-1 Read and write decimals
Section 3-1 Decimal and Place-Value System

 Our money system, based on the dollar, uses the

decimal system.
 Moving one place from right to left decreases the
value ten times.
 Moving one place from left to right, causes the
value of the number to become ten times larger.

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HOW TO: How much is .01?
Section 3-1 Decimal and Place-Value System

 It is one part of a 10-part whole.

– 0.1 is read “one tenth.”

If this chart represented a dollar,

the white segment would be
equal to $0.10 (ten cents)

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HOW TO: The decimal point
Section 3-1 Decimal and Place-Value System

 It separates the whole number part from the

decimal part, as the number extends from
left to right.
 26.8 is read twenty-six and eight tenths.
– Or 26 point 8.

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HOW TO: Place value names
Section 3-1 Decimal and Place-Value System

 The first place to the right of the decimal point

is tenths—0.1
 Second place is hundredths—0.01
 Third place is thousandths—0.001
 Fourth place is ten-thousandths.0.0001

…and so on

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HOW TO: Read or write a decimal
Section 3-1 Decimal and Place-Value System

 Read the whole number part first, saying “and”

to indicate the beginning of the decimal part of
the number.

4.15— Four and fifteen hundredths

9.067—Nine and sixty-seven thousandths.

5.5—Five and five tenths.

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HOW TO: Reading decimals as money amounts
Section 3-1 Decimal and Place-Value System

 When reading numbers that represent money

amounts, read whole numbers as dollars.
– Decimal amounts are read as “cents.”

$46.57 is read “forty-six dollars and fifty-seven cents.”

Because 1 cent is one hundredth

TIP: of a dollar, the words cent and
hundredth have the same meaning.

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HOW TO: Read and write decimals
Section 3-1 Decimal and Place-Value System

 Find the digit in the specified place, and look at

the next digit to the right.
– If this digit is less than 5, eliminate it, and all digits
to its right.
– If this digit is 5 or more, add 1 to the digit in the
specified place, and eliminate all digits to its right.

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 Examples…
Section 3-1 Decimal and Place-Value System

Round to the nearest tenth

12.456 12.5

31,343.387 31,343.4

346.2778 346.3

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3-2 Learning Outcomes

 Add and subtract decimals.

 Multiply decimals.
 Divide decimals.

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3-2-1 Add and subtract decimals
Section 3-2 Operations with Decimals

 Add or subtract as though the numbers are whole

numbers.
– Place the decimal point in the sum or difference
to align with the decimal point in the respective
operation.

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3-2-1 Add and subtract decimals
Section 3-2 Operations with Decimals

Attach extra zeros to the

right end of each number
so each number has the
same quantity of digits.

3. 4 7 .7 8 0

- . 2 9 - .0 9 2

3. 1 8 = .6 8 8

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 Examples…
Section 3-2 Operations with Decimals

Add & Subtract

6.485 + 1.4 + 0.8 + 11.999 = 20.684

10.008 – 7.6 = 2.408

0.976 – 0.04217 = 0.93383

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3-2-2 Multiply decimals
Section 3-2 Operations with Decimals

 Multiply the decimal numbers as though they

are whole numbers.
 Count the digits in the decimal parts of both
decimal numbers.
 Place the decimal point in the product so that
there are as many digits in its decimal part as
there are digits you counted in the previous step.
– If necessary, attach zeros to the left end of the
product to place the decimal point accurately.

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HOW TO: Example…
Section 3-2 Operations with Decimals

3.45 x 4.082 =
How many places are there to
the right of the decimal point?
Five—so the product will have five
places to the right of the decimal.

3.45 x 4.082 = 14.08290

The last zero can be dropped
and the answer would be 14.0829.

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 Examples…
Section 3-2 Operations with Decimals

Multiplication

1.7 x 0.08 = 0.136

4.67 x 5.004 = 23.36868

0.01 x 1.001= 0.01001

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3-2-3 Divide decimals
Section 3-2 Operations with Decimals

 Place a decimal point for the quotient directly

above the decimal point in the dividend.
– Divide as though the decimal points are whole
numbers.

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 Examples…
Section 3-2 Operations with Decimals

Division

12.4 ÷ 6 = 2.0666 (repeating)

36.5 ÷ 2 = 18.25

192.45 ÷ 50 = 3.849

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 Word problem…
Section 3-2 Operations with Decimals

Jill wants to buy a bottle of detergent. A 100-ounce

bottle costs $6.49 and a 50-ounce bottle costs $3.99.
Which would be the better buy on
a cost per ounce basis?
What are those amounts?

The 50-ounce bottle costs of 0.0798 per ounce while

the 100-ounce bottle has a cost of 0.0649 per ounce.
6.49 ÷ 100 = 0.0649 3.99 ÷ 50 = 0.0798
The bigger bottle is a better buy.

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HOW TO: Divide by a decimal
Section 3-2 Operations with Decimals

 Change the divisor to a whole number by moving

the decimal point to the right, counting the places
as you go.
 Use a caret (  ) to show the new position of
the decimal point.
 Move the decimal point in the dividend to the
right as many places as you moved the divisor.
 Place the decimal point for the quotient directly
above the new decimal point for the dividend.
 Divide as you would divide a whole number.
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 Examples…
Section 3-2 Operations with Decimals

More Division

12.3 ÷ 0.06 = 205

15 ÷ 0.004 = 3750

20.765 ÷ 0.08 = 259.5625

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 Word problem…
Section 3-2 Operations with Decimals

Seth Parker has an hourly rate of $12.27

and his gross weekly pay was $441.72.

How many hours did he work?

441.72 ÷ 12.27 = 36 hours

Amber Sellnow has an hourly rate of $8.75 per hour

and her gross weekly pay was $245.00

How many hours did she work last week?

245.00 ÷ 8.75 = 28 hours

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3-3 Learning Outcomes

 Convert a decimal to a fraction.

 Convert a fraction to a decimal.

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3-3-1 Convert a decimal to a fraction
Section 3-3 Decimal and Fraction Conversions

 Find the denominator:

– Write 1 followed by as many zeros as there are
places to the right of the decimal point.
 Find the numerator:
– Use the digits without the decimal point.
 Reduce to lowest terms and/or write as a whole
or mixed number.

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 Example…
Section 3-3 Decimal and Fraction Conversions

Write 0.8 as a fraction.

“8” becomes the numerator.

There is one place to the right of the decimal point:

Write 1 with a single zero: 10.

“10” becomes the denominator.

Reduce to 8 4
lowest terms: =
10 5
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 Examples…
Section 3-3 Operations with Decimals

Conversions

3
0.75 converted to a fraction becomes…
4
5
0.625 converted to a fraction becomes…
8
1
0.25 converted to a fraction becomes…
4

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3-3-2 Convert a fraction to a decimal
Section 3-3 Decimal and Fraction Conversions

 Write the numerator as the dividend and the

denominator as the divisor.
 Divide the numerator by the denominator, taking
the division out as many decimal places as
necessary or desirable.

In some cases, a repeating decimal

will be the quotient of the operation.
NOTE: You may indicate that it is a repeating
decimal or round as needed.

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 An Example…
Section 3-3 Decimal and Fraction Conversions

7
Write as a decimal.
8

Divide 8 into 7.000.

The result is 0.875
In this case the quotient is called
a terminating decimal.
There is no remainder.

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 Examples…
Section 3-3 Operations with Decimals

More Conversions

1
Convert to a decimal… 205
2

3
Convert to a decimal… 3750
8

2
Convert to a decimal… 259.5625
3

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Exercises Set A

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 EXERCISES SET A

Write the word name for the decimal.

2. 0.108
one hundred eight thousandths

4. 17.8
seventeen and eight-tenths

6. 500.0007
five hundred and seven ten-thousandths

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 EXERCISES SET A

Write the number that represents the decimal.

8. Eighteen and forty-seven ten-thousandths

18.0047

Round to the specified place.

10. 384.73 (nearest ten)
384.73 founds to 380

12. $175.24 (nearest dollar)

$175.24 round to $175

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 EXERCISES SET A

Add.

14. 78.87 + 54 + 32.9569 + 0.0043

78.87
54
32.9569
+ 0.0043
165.8312

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 EXERCISES SET A

Add.

16. $283.17 + $58.73 + $96.92

283.17
58.73
+ 96.92
$438.32

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 EXERCISES SET A

Subtract.

18. 125.35  67.8975

125.3500
 67.8975
57.4525

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 EXERCISES SET A

Subtract.

20. 482.073  62.97

482.073
 62.970
419.103

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 EXERCISES SET A

Multiply.

22. 6.42
 7.8
5 136
44 940
50.076

24. 27.58  10
27.58  10 = 275.8

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 EXERCISES SET A

Divide.

26. 2.8 94.546

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 EXERCISES SET A

Divide.

28. 41.25 0.68

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 EXERCISES SET A

Write as fractions or mixed numbers in simplest form.

30. 191.82
82 2 41
 
100 2 50
41
191.82 191
50

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 EXERCISES SET A

Write as decimals. Round to hundredths if necessary.

13 0.812
32. 16 13.000
16
12.8
20
16
40
32
8

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 EXERCISES SET A

34. Leon Treadwell’s checking account had a balance

of $196.82 before he wrote checks for $21.75 and
$82.46. What was his balance after he wrote the
checks?
21.75 196.82
 82.46  104.21
104.21 92.61

The balance was $96.21

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 EXERCISES SET A

36. If 100 gallons of gasoline cost $342.90, what is the

cost per gallon?

$342.90  100 = $3.43 (rounded)

The cost is $3.43 per gallon.

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 EXERCISES SET A

38. A. G. Edwards is purchasing 100 cell phones for

$189.95. How much is the total purchase?

$189.95  100 = $18,995

The total purchase is $18,995.

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Practice Test A

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 EXERCISES SET A

2. Round 30.5375 to one nonzero digit.

30.5375 rounds to 30

4. Write the number for three and twenty-eight

thousandths.
3.028

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 EXERCISES SET A

Perform the indicated operation.

6. 27.418  100
27.418  100 = 2,741.8

8. 28.34 50 (nearest hundredth)

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 EXERCISES SET A

Perform the indicated operation.

10. 0.138  10
0.0138

12. 17.75
 0.325

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 EXERCISES SET A

Perform the indicated operation.

14. 91.25  12.5

16. 374.17  100

37,417

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 EXERCISES SET A

18. Eastman Kodak’s stock changed from $26.14 a

share to $22.15 a share. Peter Carp owned 2,000
shares of stock. By how much did his stock
decrease?
26.14 3.99
 22.15  2000
3.99 7,980.00

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 EXERCISES SET A

20. What is the average price per share of the 350

shares of stock held by Stephen Lewis if the total
value is $11,043.50?

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