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Lecture 1.1.3

The document outlines the objectives and outcomes of a course on Network Operating Systems, focusing on essential networking concepts and server deployment. It covers key topics such as IP addressing, TCP protocols, and the structure of TCP segments. Additionally, it provides references for further learning and contact information for queries.

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anilskoooo137
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2 views

Lecture 1.1.3

The document outlines the objectives and outcomes of a course on Network Operating Systems, focusing on essential networking concepts and server deployment. It covers key topics such as IP addressing, TCP protocols, and the structure of TCP segments. Additionally, it provides references for further learning and contact information for queries.

Uploaded by

anilskoooo137
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 17

UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING


Bachelor of Engineering (Computer Science & Engineering)
Network Operating System
22CSH-397
Dayal Chandra Sati (E13263)

ADDRESSING IP Routing DISCOVER . LEARN . EMPOWER


COURSE OBJECTIVES
The Course aims to:
1. Make students learn about basics of Networks and
Operating system concepts that will help them to
understand the requirements of Network Operating
System.

2. Make students learn about deployment of Network


Operating System’s roles and services.

3. Facilitate students in building analytical and creative


thinking so that they can move themselves in the field of
core server usage for social and technical reasons.
COURSE OUTCOMES
CO Title Level
Numbe
r
CO1 Students will recall basic concepts of Networks, Understand &
Operating System and to build up the basic concepts of Remember
Network Operating System.
CO2 Student would be able to deploy Server 2008/2012 and Implement
make use of it as a technical platform.
CO3 Students will prepare themselves for placements in Apply
Companies focusing on Networking and Server
environment and further being research oriented in the
field of Computer Networks.
CO4 analyze the working of virtual machines Analyze
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CO5 Identify the role of active directory Analyze
ADDRESSING

Four levels of addresses are used in an internet employing the TCP/IP


protocols: physical, logical, port, and specific.

Physical Addresses
Logical Addresses
Port Addresses
Specific Addresses
Relationship Of Layers And Addresses in TCP/IP

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Port Numbers
•Port numbers are 16-bit integers (0  65,535)
Servers use well know ports, 0-1023 are privileged
Clients use ephemeral (short-lived) ports
•Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) maintains a list of port number assignment
Well-known ports (0-1023)  controlled and assigned by IANA
Registered ports (1024-49151)  IANA registers and lists use of ports as a
convenience (49151 is ¾ of 65536)
Dynamic ports (49152-65535)  ephemeral ports

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Internet Protocol(IP)

Defines a uniform mechanism to access resources between internets


Defines IP addresses and how to route network packets to a
destination address.
IP v.4, addresses: 4 octets, organized hierarchically
Single host: 128.220.23.4 or 192.168.33.1
Class C network: 192.168.x.x., also written 192.168.0.0/16
Class B network: 128.220.23.x, also written 128.220.23.0/24
Class A network: 10.x.x.x, or 10.0.0.0/8

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IP Packet

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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
•TCP must perform typical transport layer functions:
 Segmentation  breaks message into packets
 End-to-end error control since IP is an unreliable Service
 End-to-end flow control  to avoid buffer overflow
 Multiplexing and demultiplexing sessions

•TCP is [originally described in RFC 793, 1981]


 Reliable
 Connection-oriented  virtual circuit
 Stream-oriented  users exchange streams of data
 Full duplex  concurrent transfers can take place in both directions
 Buffered  TCP accepts data and transmits when appropriate (can be overridden with “push”)
 Does not support multicasting and broadcasting

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Transmission Control Protocol
•Reliable
 by providing connection oriented end to end reliable delivery of packets.
 requires ACK and performs retransmission
 If ACK not received in specified time period, retransmit.
 Acknowledgments can be “piggy-backed” on reverse direction data packets or sent as separate packets

•Sequence Numbers
 Associated with every byte that it sends
 To detect packet loss, reordering and duplicate removal
 Two fields are used sequence number and acknowledgment number.
 Sequence number for each segment is the number of the first byte carried in that segment
 The ACK number denotes the number of the next byte that this party expects to receive (cumulative)
If an ACK number is 5643  received all bytes from beginning up to 5642
This acknowledges all previous bytes as received error-free

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Transmission Control Protocol
•Sending and Receiving buffers
 Senders and receivers may not produce and consume data at same speed
 2 buffers for each direction (sending and receiving buffer)

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TCP Segment Format

TCP segment is the unit of data transferred b/w two processes that uses TCP.
Each segment consists of 2 parts :header and data part.

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TCP Header Fields
•Source Port and Destination Port
 Identify processes at ends of the connection
•Control bits
 URG urgent (urgent data present)
 ACK acknowledgment
 PSH push request
Inform receiver TCP to send data to application ASAP
 RST reset the connection
 SYN synchronize sequence numbers
 FIN end of byte stream from sender

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TCP Header Fields
•Sequence Number: number assigned to first byte of data in current msg.
•Acknowledgment Number: sequence no of next byte of data sender is expected to receive (valid if ACK bit set)
•Header Length: header size in 32-bit units. Value ranges from [5-15] (20-60 bytes)
•Window: size of sender’s receive window ie buffer available for incoming data.
•Urgent
defines end of urgent data (or “out-of-band”) data and start of normal data
Added to sequence number (valid only if URG bit is set)
•Checksum: 16-bit CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) over header and data
•Options: up to 40 bytes of optional information in TCP header.

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REFERENCES

1. Reference Book: T1: Data Communications and Networking, Behrouz A. Forouzan, 5th Edition,
Tata Mcgraw Hill Publication.

2. Video Lecture on YouTube URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IfzGf4kI2a8

3. Relevant Web Link


https://www.javatpoint.com/network-addressing
https://www.javatpoint.com/tcp-vs-udp
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_routing

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THANK YOU

For queries
Email: [email protected]
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