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What does it mean to be fit and healthy?
Being fit and healthy mean different things to different
people, for example, having a healthy immune system
is part of being fit but is not normally recognised as
being such.
For example, an unhealthy person will not
be able to cope with the spread of bacteria
shown in the diagram on the left.
Bacteria
multiplying
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Being fit and healthy
In general fitness and health are associated with
the functioning of the:
• human respiratory system
• human digestive system
• human circulatory system and blood
• human skeletal system and joints
What sorts of activity would you associate
with a fitness programme?
Exercise, diet, smoking and alcohol.
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Measuring fitness
We can get measure of fitness by conducting a few
simple experiments:
Running on the spot for 30 seconds.
Stepping on to and off a step or a chair.
Pressing a set of bathroom scales with
arms raised to measure strength.
In each case you will need to measure the heart rate of
the person taking the exercises before the activity and
after the activity. Then you will need to measure how
long it takes for the heart rate to return to normal.
What type of fitness do these activities assess and how
can we interpret the results?
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The Utilisation of energy
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The Utilisation of energy and respiration
The animations on the previous slide show
that we utilise the energy in food using the
circulatory, digestive and respiratory systems.
These systems get the ingredients needed for
energy release to the cells that require the
energy. Food (in the form of glucose) and
oxygen react to release energy via the
following chemical reaction:
Food (glucose) + oxygen carbon + water + ENERGY
dioxide
Does this remind you of any other reaction?
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Smoking experiment
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Smoking Facts
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Diet
A diet is a very important aspect of health.
A balanced diet provides nutrients (including vitamins and
minerals) in the correct quantities.
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The effect of alcohol in the body
Alcohol has many effects, some are immediate:
• It alters behaviour.
1. People may feel relaxed after a drink.
2. Speech becomes slurred.
3. Co-ordination becomes worse.
4. Emotions may become heightened.
• Reaction times become longer.
• A developing fetus can be damaged by excessive alcohol.
Others become detectable over an extended period of time,
e.g., the liver (can get cirrhosis of the liver), the heart and the
kidneys can all be damaged by the consumption of alcohol over
a long time.
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Joints
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Maintaining Fitness
Fitness can be maintained by:
1. Consumption of a balanced diet
2. Avoiding excessive alcohol.
3. Not smoking
4. Getting regular exercise.
Exercise can be hazardous to health if done inappropriately.
It can cause injury to joints and muscles.
For example:
• Lifting weights which are far too heavy.
• prolonged running on hard surfaces without
appropriate shoes.
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