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Lecture 12 Thick Cylinders

The document discusses the theory of thick cylinders, focusing on Lame's equations and the development of stress analysis for thick-walled cylinders under internal pressure. It highlights the differences between thick and thin cylinder theories, particularly in terms of stress distribution and the conditions needed to determine stress values. Additionally, it notes that the thin cylinder theory can be applicable with minimal error when certain dimensional ratios are exceeded.

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79 views12 pages

Lecture 12 Thick Cylinders

The document discusses the theory of thick cylinders, focusing on Lame's equations and the development of stress analysis for thick-walled cylinders under internal pressure. It highlights the differences between thick and thin cylinder theories, particularly in terms of stress distribution and the conditions needed to determine stress values. Additionally, it notes that the thin cylinder theory can be applicable with minimal error when certain dimensional ratios are exceeded.

Uploaded by

timothyarnoldopeche
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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THICK CYLINDERS

1
Introduction
For thin cylinders;
The hoop or circumferential stress is assumed constant
across the thickness of the cylinder wall
There is no pressure gradient across the wall.

Variation of and for a thick cylinder

Lame’ Equations

2
Development of Lame’ theory

For radial equilibrium,

For small angles,

3
Development of Lame’ theory

Neglecting second order small quantities,

(6.1)
 The longitudinal strain is given by (Recall, MEC1204);

4
Development of Lame’ theory

If planar sections remain planar, hence,

(say) (6.2)
 Substituting into (6.1)

5
Development of Lame’ theory

This can be written as,


(say)
(6.3)
 Substituting into (6.2)
(6.4)
6
Thick cylinder with internal pressure only
Two boundary conditions are necessary
to determine A and B
 At radius, r = R1, and
 At radius, r = R2,
Hence,
and
From which, and

Substituting for A and B,

Where,
7
Thick cylinder with internal pressure only
Similarly hoop stress is given by,

 From the expressions for and , it can be


observed that max stress occurs at

Longitudinal stress
For horizontal equilibrium,

(6.5)
8
Maximum shear stress
The stresses at any point in the cylinder wall are principal
Max shear stress at any point is thus,
 = Diff. between the greatest and least principal stresses
 For the case of a thick cylinder,

and normally exceed in magnitude and is normally


compressive

 The greatest occurs at the inside surface i.e. at r = R1

9
Change of cylinder dimensions
The diametral strain on a cylinder equals the hoop or
circumferential strain (MEC1204)

Change in diameter

Change in length

10
Comparison with thin cylinder theory
For a thin cylinder
, where, (6.6)
 For thick cylinders, with internal pressure only
& at r = R1
 Substituting for and 2

(6.7)

11
Comparison with thin cylinder theory
Plotting the stress values from the two theories together with
the percentage error involved in using the thin cylinder theory

The percentage error is within 5% when ratios that are in


excess of 15 are used hence the thin cylinder theory is
applicable for such a range 12

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