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Internetworks

An internetwork is a collection of interconnected networks that can communicate, with the Internet being the most notable example. The Internet has evolved from ARPANET in the 1960s to a complex structure of various networks, while intranets and extranets serve specific organizations with controlled access. Applications of networks span various fields including marketing, finance, and education.

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2 views

Internetworks

An internetwork is a collection of interconnected networks that can communicate, with the Internet being the most notable example. The Internet has evolved from ARPANET in the 1960s to a complex structure of various networks, while intranets and extranets serve specific organizations with controlled access. Applications of networks span various fields including marketing, finance, and education.

Uploaded by

nelsonjuniorndlovu613
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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internetworks

An internetwork (internet, note with the lowercase letter i) is two or


more networks that can communicate with each other. The most
notable internet is called the Internet (uppercase letter I), which is a
collaboration of more than hundreds of thousands of interconnected
networks.In modern practice, interconnected networks use the Internet
Protocol. There are at least three variants of internetworks, depending
on who administers and who participates in them:
• Internet
• Intranet
• Extranet
Internet

The Internet consists of a worldwide interconnection of governmental,


academic, public, and private networks based upon the networking
technologies of the Internet Protocol Suite. It is the successor of the
Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) developed by
the DARPA of the U.S. Department of Defense. The Internet has
revolutionized many aspects of our daily lives. It has affected the way we
do business as well as the way we spend our leisure time
A Brief History of internet
In the mid-1960s, mainframe computers in research
organizations were standalone devices. Computers from
different manufacturers were unable to communicate with
one another. The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)
in the Department of Defense (DoD) was interested in finding
a way to connect computers so that the researchers they
funded could share their findings, thereby reducing costs and
eliminating duplication of effort
In 1967, at an Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
meeting, ARPA presented its ideas for ARPANET, a small
network of connected computers. The idea was that each host
computer (not necessarily from the same manufacturer)
would be attached to a specialized computer, called an
interface message processor (IMP).
The IMPs, in turn, would be connected to one another. Each IMP had to
be able to communicate with other IMPs as well as with its own
attached host. By 1969, ARPANET was a reality. Four nodes, at the
University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), the University of
California at Santa Barbara (UCSB), Stanford Research Institute (SRI),
and the University of Utah, were connected via the IMPs to form a
network. Software called the Network Control Protocol (NCP) provided
communication between the hosts.
In 1972, Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn, both of whom were part of the core
ARPANET group, collaborated on what they called the Internetting
Projec1. Cerf and Kahn's landmark 1973 paper outlined the protocols to
achieve end-to-end delivery of packets. This paper on Transmission
Control Protocol (TCP) included concepts such as encapsulation, the
datagram, and the functions of a gateway. Shortly thereafter,
authorities made a decision to split TCP into two protocols:
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internetworking Protocol (lP).
IP would handle datagram routing while TCP would be responsible for
higher-level functions such as segmentation, reassembly, and error
detection. The internetworking protocol became known as TCP/IIP.
The Internet Today

The Internet has come a long way since the 1960s. The Internet today is
not a simple hierarchical structure. It is made up of many wide- and
local-area networks joined by connecting devices and switching
stations. It is difficult to give an accurate representation of the Internet
because it is continually changing-new networks are being added,
existing networks are adding addresses, and networks of defunct
companies are being removed.
Today most end users who want Internet connection use the services of
Internet service providers (lSPs). There are international service
providers, national service providers, regional service providers, and
local service providers.
Intranet

An intranet is a set of networks, using the Internet Protocol and IP-based


tools such as web browsers and file transfer applications, that is under
the control of a single administrative entity. That administrative entity
closes the intranet to all but specific, authorized users. Most commonly,
an intranet is the internal network of an organization. A large intranet will
typically have at least one web server to provide users with
organizational information.
Extranet
An extranet is a network or internetwork that is limited in scope to a
single organization or entity but which also has limited connections to the
networks of one or more other usually, trusted organizations or entities
(e.g., a company's customers may be given access to some part of its
intranet creating an extranet. Technically, an extranet may also be
categorized as a CAN, MAN, WAN, or other type of network, although, by
definition, an extranet cannot consist of a single LAN; it must have at
least one connection with an external network.
Applications of Networks

• Marketing and sales


• Financial services
• Manufacturing
• Electronic messaging
• Teleconferencing
• Cellular telephone
• Education

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