Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on teaching
learning process at higher education in
Pakistan: From the Perspective of teachers’
students’Shah
mental
Jehan health.
Reg No: IER420132002
PhD Scholar
Department of Education & Psychology
Kohat University of Science & Technology 1
Supervisor
Professor Dr. Muhammad Naseer-Ud-Din
Department of Education & Psychology, KUST
2
OUTLINES
Introduction
Background Study Gaps / Rationale
Objectives of the Study
Methodology Significance & Scope of Study
Population of the Study
Sample of the Study
Research Instruments
Study Plan &
Literature Time Frame
References
3
Introduction
4
Introduction
Country’s Mental Health
Development Education
p act
Im
Covid-19
Stress Anxiety Depression
Knowledge
Need of
Mentoring Attitude Students Teachers
Coping
Strategies
5
Major Definitions
Mental health: Mental health is a state of well being in
which an individual realizes his or her own abilities, can
cope with the normal stresses of life and can work
productively. (WHO, 2018)
Mentorship: A combination of emotional and practical
support. (Lauvas & Handle, 2015)
6
Study Gaps
7
Study Gaps
Parameters Considered Parameters not
considered yet
1. Small scale studies 1. Large scale study
(Yang C, Chen A, Chen Y 2021)
2. Quantitative / Online survey
(Odriozola-González, de Luis-García, Á., Irurtia, R. P.,
2. Quantitative but Face to face
Planchuelo, M. J., &, -Gómez, 2020) distribution of questionnaires
3. Impact of Covid-19 on
teachers or students 3. Comparison of the male and
(Roy et al., 2020) female mental health 8
Study Gaps, Cont..
Parameters Already considered Parameters not
considered Yet
Impact of Covid-19 on teachers or Comparison of the students
students mental health and teachers mental health
(Bakers and his fellow in 2020)
Impact of Covid-19 at secondary or
primary level teachers or students Focused at tertiary level
mental health( Erick T. Baloran 2020 )
Small sample size Large sample size
9
Study Gaps, Cont..
Variable not
considered yet
No single study is carried out
on need of mentoring felt by
the students and teachers to
manage the mental health
issues raised by the Covid-19
pandemic at higher education
in Pakistan
10
Statement of the Problem
Impact of covid-19 From the Perspective of
pandemic on teaching teachers’ and students’
learning process at higher mental health
education in Pakistan
11
Research Question
What is the impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on teaching
learning process at higher education in Pakistan?
12
Objectives of the Study
13
Objectives of the Study
To compare the To examine
knowledge, the impact of
To explore the attitude and the covid-19
Teachers and coping pandemic on
To determine the students strategies the mental To compare
attitude of the personal about covid-19 health of the impact of
students and coping pandemic of students and the covid-19
To determine the teachers strategies teachers and teachers at pandemic on
knowledge of the regarding covid- against Covid- students at tertiary level the mental
students and 19 pandemic at 19. tertiary level in Pakistan. health of
teachers regarding tertiary level in in Pakistan. teachers and
covid-19 pandemic at Pakistan. students at
tertiary level in tertiary level
Pakistan. in 14
Scope/ Significance of the Study
Networking
Policy Makers
developers
Public
Semi- Public
Educational Impact of Teachers
Institutions Covid-19
Private
Enhance
Students
Public
Awareness
15
VARIABLES OF THE STUDY
Independent Variables Dependent Variables
Covid-19
Mental Health of Male/ Female Students
Knowledge
Mental Health of Male/ Female Teachers
Attitude
Coping
Strategies
16
Demographic
Factors
Conceptual Framework
Knowledge
about Covid-
19
Attitude
about Covid-
19
Data Impact of covid-19 pandemic on
Data analysis
Collection teaching learning process
personal coping
strategies against
Covid-19.
Need of
mentoring
Comparison
of different 17
variables
Methodology
18
Design of the study
Cross
sectional
Design of the study Descriptive
Quantitative
19
All (21)
Public
Population of the study
sector
universities
in Pakistan
Present
Population of the during
study Covid-19
All students
and
teachers of
these
universities
20
Delimitation of the Study
14
All (21) universities
Public sector
(2
universities in
Khyber
Delimitation universities
Pakhtunkhwa from each 7
divisions)
21
Sample AND
Sampling technique Multi Stage
sampling technique
Divisions Universities Students Teachers
7 14 (2 universities from 40 from each 20 from each
each division) university.(20 male university. (10 male
and 20 female) and 10 female)
Total
7 (cluster Sampling ) 14(cluster Sampling ) 560 students.(280 280 teachers.(140
male and 280 female). male and 140 female).
Present in university Present in university
during covid-19 during covid-
(Random sampling 19(Random sampling
technique) technique)
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Measurement Instruments
MAIN AREAS INSTRUMENTS
Covid-19 pandemic and its impact on the Depression Anxiety & Stress Scales by
mental health of students’ and teachers’ Lovibond, S.H. & Lovibond, P.F. (1995)
with some amendments.
Modified form of the questionnaire
Teachers’ students’ knowledge and Cohen & Williamson, G (1988), Erick T.
attitude about Covid-19 Baloran (2020) & Yang C, Chen A, Chen
Y (2021)
23
CONT…
MAIN AREAS INSTRUMENTS
Modified form of College Student
To check the need analysis of mentoring Mentoring Scale (CSMS) developed by
during and after Covid-19 pandemic Crisp, G. (2009)
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Feasibility Testing
To check the instrument reliability, initially these will be applied at education
and psychology department in KUST.
Data Collection
The researcher will personally collect the quantitative data from all the
students and teachers (male & female) through the questionnaires.
Data Analysis
Data will be tabulated and analyzed quantitatively, by using
appropriate statistical techniques For the statistical analysis of data
descriptive statistics i.e., mean, standard deviation, t-test and percentage will
be employed through the SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences)
version 16. Furthermore, the results will be elaborated through bar graph for
better understanding.
25
Chart of Plan to Achieve the Objectives of the Study
OBJETIVES INSTRUMENTS
To determine the knowledge of the students and teachers regarding Questionnaire 1 Items (1-10) Cohen & Williamson, G (1988),
covid-19 pandemic at higher education in Pakistan. cited in Erick T. Baloran (2020) & Yang C, Chen A, Chen Y
(2021)
To assess the attitude of the students and teachers regarding covid-19
Questionnaire 1 Items (11-15)
pandemic at higher education in Pakistan.
To identify the Teachers and students personal coping strategies against
Questionnaire 1 Items (15-20)
Covid-19.
To compare the knowledge, attitude and coping strategies about covid-
Questionnaire 1 Items (1-20)
19 pandemic of teachers and students at higher education in Pakistan.
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OBJETIVES INSTRUMENTS
To examine the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on Depression Anxiety & Stress Scales by Lovibond, S.H.
the mental health of students and teachers at higher & Lovibond, P.F. (1995)
education in Pakistan.
To compare the impact of the covid-19 pandemic on Depression Anxiety & Stress Scales by Lovibond, S.H.
the mental health of teachers and students at higher & Lovibond, P.F. (1995)
education in Pakistan.
To explore the need analysis of mentoring to cope Modified form of the University Student Mentoring
the situation at higher education in Pakistan Scale (CSMS).Crisp, G. (2009).
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Time Frame
Time Frame
16-Jan-21 15-Nov-21 16-Oct-21 16-Sep-21
Review Literature
Development of Research Instrument
Data Collection and Anaylsis
Thesis Writing
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
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References
• Cohen, S., & Williamson, G. (1988). Perceived Stress in a Probability Sample of the United States. In S. Spacapan, & S.
Oskamp (Eds.), The Social Psychology of Health Claremont Symposium on Applied Social Psychology (pp. 31-
67). Newbury Park, CA Sage. - References - Scientific Research Publishing. [online] Available at:
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[Accessed 27 May 2021].
• Baker, S. R., Bloom, N., Davis, S. J., Kost, K. J., Sammon, M. C., and Viratyosin, T. (2020). The
unprecedented stock market impact of COVID-19. Rev. Asset Pric. Stud. 10, 742–758. doi:
10.1093/rapstu/raaa008
• Cohen, S., & Williamson, G. (1988). Perceived Stress in a Probability Sample of the United States. In S. Spacapan, & S.
Oskamp (Eds.), The Social Psychology of Health Claremont Symposium on Applied Social Psychology (pp. 31-
67). Newbury Park, CA Sage. - References - Scientific Research Publishing. [online] Available at:
<https://www.scirp.org/(S(351jmbntvnsjt1aadkposzje))/reference/ReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=1186085>
[Accessed 27 May 2021].
• Crisp, G. (2009). Conceptualization and initial validation of the University Student Mentoring Scale (CSMS). Journal of
University Student Development, 50 (2), 177-194. DOI: 10.1353/csd.0.0061Huang, S. (2011). Predictive
modeling and analysis of student academic performance in an engineering dynamics course. UTAH
State University, Logan, Utah.
• Erick T. Baloran (2020) Knowledge, Attitudes, Anxiety, and Coping Strategies of Students during COVID-19 Pandemic,
Journal of Loss and Trauma, 25:8, 635- 642, DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2020.1769300Anh, V. T. K. (2018).
EVALUATION MODELS IN EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM: STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES. VNU Journal of
Foreign Studies, 34(2).
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• Roy, D., Tripathy, S., Kar, S., Sharma, N., Verma, S.,& Kaushal, V. (2020). Study of knowledge, attitude, anxiety & perceived
mental healthcare need in Indian population during COVID-19 Pandemic. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 102083–
102087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102083 [Accessed 27 May 2021].
• Lovibond, S.H. & Lovibond, P.F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety & Stress Scales. (2nd Ed.)Sydney: Psychology
FoundationGlosser.ca. (2013). Licensed under creative commons attribution-share alike 3.0 un- ported.
Retrieved from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Colored neural network.svg
• Lauvås, P., & Handal, G. (2015). Handledning och praktiskyrkesteori [Supervision and practical work theory]. Lund:
Studentlitteratur.
Odriozola-González, P., Planchuelo-Gómez, Á., Irurtia, M. J., & de Luis-García, R. (2020). Psychological effects of the COVID-19
outbreak and lockdown among students and workers of a Spanish university. Psychiatry research, 290, 113108.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113108 [Accessed 24 May 2021].
• World Health Organization (2018). https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-strengthening-our-
response [Accessed 20 May 2021].
• Yang C, Chen A, Chen Y (2021) University students’ stress and health in the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of academic
workload, separation from school, and fears of contagion. PLOS ONE 16(2): e0246676.
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Thanks
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