ET 8304 microprocessor and interfacing

MBEYA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AN TECHNOLOGY

OCTOBER 2022

LECT 3 & 4
INSTRUCTION SET AND EXECUTION IN 8085
Outlines

• INSTRUCTION SET 8085

• Classification based on functionality
• Classification based on instruction length:
• Classification based on operand addressing Modes in Instructions
• INSTRUCTION EXECUTION AND TIMING DIAGRAM:
Instruction set
• An instruction is a binary pattern designed inside a
microprocessor to perform a specific function.

• Based on the design of the ALU and decoding unit, the

microprocessor manufacturer provides instruction set for every
microprocessor. The instruction set consists of both machine code
and mnemonics.
• Microprocessor instructions can be classified based on the
parameters such functionality, length and operand addressing.
Classification based on functionality:
• Data transfer operations: This group of instructions copies data
from source to destination. The content of the source is not altered.
• Arithmetic operations: Instructions of this group perform operations
like addition, subtraction, increment & decrement. One of the data
used in arithmetic operation is stored in accumulator and the result is
also stored in accumulator.
• Logical operations: Logical operations include AND, OR, EXOR, NOT.
The operations like AND, OR and EXOR uses two operands, one is
stored in accumulator and other can be any register or memory
location. The result is stored in accumulator. NOT operation requires
single operand, which is stored in accumulator.
Cont..
• Branching operations: Instructions in this group can be used to
transfer program sequence from one memory location to another
either conditionally or unconditionally.
• Machine control operations: Instruction in this group control
execution of other instructions and control operations like interrupt,
halt etc.
Classification based on instruction
length:
• One-byte instructions: Instruction having one byte in machine code.
Cont..
• Two-byte instructions: Instruction having two byte in machine code.
Cont..
• Three-byte instructions: Instruction having three byte in machine
code.
Classification based on Addressing
Modes in Instructions:
• The process of specifying the data to be operated on by the
instruction is called addressing.
• The various formats for specifying operands are called addressing
modes. The 8085 has the following five types of addressing:
I. immediate addressing
II. Memory direct addressing
III. Register direct addressing
IV. Indirect addressing
V. Implicit addressing
Immediate Addressing:
• In this mode, the operand given in the instruction - a byte or
word – transfers to the destination register or memory location.
Ex: MVI A, 9AH
The operand is a part of the instruction.
The operand is stored in the register mentioned in the instruction.
Memory Direct Addressing:
• Memory direct addressing moves a byte or word between a memory
location and register. The memory location address is given in the
instruction.
Ex: LDA 850FH
This instruction is used to load the content of memory address 850FH in the
accumulator.
Register Direct Addressing
• Register direct addressing transfer a copy of a byte or word from
source register to destination register.
Ex: MOV B, C
It copies the content of register C to register B.
Indirect Addressing:
• Indirect addressing transfers a byte or word between a register and a
memory location.
Ex: MOV A, M

Here the data is in the memory location pointed to by the contents of

HL pair. The data is moved to the accumulator.
Implicit Addressing
• In this addressing mode the data itself specifies the data to be
operated upon.
Ex: CMA
The instruction complements the content of the accumulator. No
specific data or operand is mentioned in the instruction.
 5 group of instructions in 8085 up
• Data transfer instructions
• Arithmetic instructions
• Logical instructions
• Branching instructions
• I/O & machine control instructions
 DATA TRANSFER INSTRUCTION
• MOV B,C MOV B, M • PUSH B or PUSH A
• MVI B, 57 MVI M, 57 • POP H or POP A
• LDA 2034 LDA XYZ • OUT 87
• LDAX LDAX B • IN 82
• LXI H, 2034
• LHLD 2040
• STA 4350 STA XYZ
• STAX B
• XCHG NONE (Hand L with D and E)
Arithmetic Instructions:
• ADD B OR ADD M
• ADC B OR ADC M
• ADI 45
• ACI 45
• DAD H
• SUB B OR SUB M
• SUBB B OR SUBB M
• SUI 45
• SBI 45
• INCR B OR INR M
• INX H
• DCR B OR DCR M
• DCX H
• DAA
Logical instructions
• ANA R CMP R
• ANA M CMP M
• ANI 8BIT DATA CPI 8BIT
• ORA R DATA
CMA
• ORA M
CMC
• ORI 8BIT DATA STC
• XRA R RLC
• XRA RRC
• XRA 8BIT DATA
 BRANCHING INSTRUCTIONS
• JMP 2034
• JZ
• JC
• JP
• JPO
I/O and machine control instructions
• OUT 50H
• IN 80H
• NOP
• HLT
• DI
• EI
• RIM
• SIM
INSTRUCTION EXECUTION AND TIMING DIAGRAM:
• Each instruction in 8085 microprocessor consists of two part- operation
code (opcode) and operand. The opcode is a command such as ADD
and the operand is an object to be operated on, such as a byte or the
content of a register.

• Instruction Cycle: The time taken by the processor to complete the

execution of an instruction. An instruction cycle consists of one to six
machine cycles.

• Machine Cycle: The time required to complete one operation; accessing

either the memory or I/O device. A machine cycle consists of three to six T-
states.
• T-State: Time corresponding to one clock period. It is the basic unit to
calculate execution of instructions or programs in a processor.
To execute a program, 8085
performs various operations as
• Opcode fetch
• Operand fetch
• Memory read/write
• I/O read/write
External communication functions are:
• Memory read/write
• I/O read/write
• Interrupt request acknowledge
Assembly language programming for 8085up