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Integumentary System-PPT 2022.Pptx 11

The document provides an overview of the integumentary system, detailing the structure and function of the skin, including the epidermis, dermis, and accessory structures such as glands, hair, and nails. It discusses the different types of skin, the layers of the epidermis, and the roles of various skin cells, as well as skin disorders and their causes. Additionally, it covers the functions of skin, skin discoloration, and the impact of burns on skin layers.

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ika150897
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5 views43 pages

Integumentary System-PPT 2022.Pptx 11

The document provides an overview of the integumentary system, detailing the structure and function of the skin, including the epidermis, dermis, and accessory structures such as glands, hair, and nails. It discusses the different types of skin, the layers of the epidermis, and the roles of various skin cells, as well as skin disorders and their causes. Additionally, it covers the functions of skin, skin discoloration, and the impact of burns on skin layers.

Uploaded by

ika150897
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Integumentary

System
Mr. Geoffrey M Moriasi
Clinical Occupational Therapist, Msambweni
County Referral and Teaching Hospital

Lecturer, Department Of Occupational Therapy


KMTC, Mombasa Campus
Integumentary System
 Skin
 Epidermis
 Dermis
 Accessory structures (appendages)
 Glands
 Hair
 Nails
Epidermis
 Outermost layer of the skin
 Comprised of epithelial cells
 Contains no blood vessels (avascular)
 Is thicker in areas of significant wear and tear
(palms of hands and soles of feet)

 Keratin
 Protein that replaces epidermal cell cytoplasm in
order to thicken and protect the skin
 Also comprises hair and nails
Epidermis – Thick vs. Thin Skin
 Thick Skin (aka, glabrous [hairless] skin)
 5 layers
 Stratum corneum
 Stratum lucidum
 Stratum granulosum
 Stratum spinosum
 Stratum basale
 Thin Skin (aka, vellus [hairy] skin)
 4 layers (stratum lucidum is absent and stratum corneum
is much thinner)
SC

SG SL

SS
SB

Dermis
Epidermis
Thick Skin Thin Skin
Epidermal Cells
 Keratinocytes
 Major epidermal cell type

 Melanocytes
 Contain organelles called melanosomes, in which the melanin
pigment is synthesized

 Langerhans cell – involved in immune response

 Merkel cell – touch receptor


Epidermal Cells

Melanocyte

Keratinocytes
Dermis
 Comprised of elastic connective tissue
 Allows for skin to stretch
 Contains blood vessels (vascular) and nerves
(innervated)
 Location of accessory structures (sweat glands,
oil glands, and hair)
 Dermal papillae
 Extensions of dermis into epidermal layer
 Are what form fingerprints
Dermis
Dermal Papillae
Hypodermis
 aka, subcutaneous layer
 NOT part of the skin
 Connects skin to surface muscles
 Consists of loose connective tissue and fat
(adipose) tissue
Rule of Nines – estimate % of body
Burns surface area in treatment of
burns
 1st Degree (aka, superficial
partial-thickness)
 Epidermis and possibly a
portion of dermis
 Tissue is reddened and may
blister
 2nd Degree (aka, deep partial-
thickness)
 Epidermis and portions of
dermis
 Tissue is blistered and broken
 3rd Degree (aka, full-thickness)
 Full skin and possibly
subcutaneous tissue
 Tissue is broken, dry and
pale, or charred
Accessory Structures (appendages)
 Glands
 Sebaceous (Oil)
 Sudoriferous (Sweat)
 Eccrine
 Apocrine
 Hair
 Nails
Sebaceous (Oil) Glands
 Sebum – oily secretion
 Lubricates skin and coats hair
 Prevents drying
 It is believed that bacterial lipases break down
triglycerides of sebum into irritative fatty acids that cause
acne.
 Ducts open into hair follicles
 Meibomian glands
 Modified sebaceous glands
 Lubricate eyes
Questions to answer
1) Why is a third degree burn so much more
devastating than a first degree burn?
(Answer based on the specific skin layers
and structures involved.)
2) Why does washing your hair actually
damage it? How do we treat this
damage?
Sebaceous (Oil) Glands
Sudoriferous (Sweat) Glands
 Cool the body via evaporation
 Eccrine Sweat Glands
 Distributed over entire body except lips and parts
of external genitalia
 Ducts open directly onto surface of skin
 Excrete salts, urea, ammonia, and uric acid
along with water
Sudoriferous (Sweat) Glands (cont.)
 Apocrine Sweat Glands
 Located in armpits (axillae), nipples, and groin area

 Become active at puberty

 Secrete in response to emotional stimuli (not heat)

 Modified apocrine sweat glands



Ceruminous glands – ear canal; produce cerumen (ear wax)

Ciliary glands - eyelids

Mammary glands – produce milk (breasts)
Hair
 Two types in adults
 Vellus hairs – thin, short and poorly pigmented
 Terminal hairs – thicker, longer and more heavily
pigmented

 Arrector pili muscle causes hair to raise, forming


goose bumps
Hair (cont.)
 Shaft – portion of hair above the skin
 Root – portion of hair below the skin
 Follicle – sheath of epithelial and connective tissue that
surrounds the hair
 Bulb – located at base of follicle
Hair
Nails
 Comprised of hard keratin from stratum corneum
 Nail plate – hard portion of nail
 Nail bed
 Nail root – proximal part of nail (covered by skin)
 Nail matrix – contains stem cells that cause nail to
grow
Nails
Functions of Skin
 Protect against infection
 Protect against dehydration
 Regulate body temperature
 Vasoconstriction (blood vessels become narrower) – conserve
heat
 Vasodilation (blood vessels open wider) – promotes
radiation/dissipation of heat to surrounding air
 Sweat
 Sensory reception
 Pain
 Temperature changes
 Touch (and pressure)
Skin Discoloration
 Albinism – lack of melanin production due
to genetic mutation
 Cyanosis – bluish skin color due to
decreased O2 in blood
 Jaundice – excessive bile pigments
(bilirubin) in the blood causes skin to turn
yellow in color
Cyanosis
Jaundice
(Colloidal Silver Staining)
Skin Disorders
 Dermatitis (aka, eczema)
 Inflammation of the skin
 Due to irritants such as oil, detergents, acids,
etc.
 Atopic Dermatitis
 Intense itching
 Skin inflammation
 Crusting of skin surface
Atopic Dermatitis
Skin Disorders (cont.)
 Psoriasis
 Faster than normal renewal of cells resulting in
accumulation of cells in the stratum corneum
 Produces red (erythematous), flat areas
(plaques) covered with silvery scales
 Unknown etiology (cause)
Psoriasis
Skin Disorders (cont.)
 Cancer
 Basal cell carcinoma – originates in stratum basale
 Caused by UV radiation
 Squamous cell carcinoma – originates in stratum
spinosum
 Caused UV radiation or chemical agents
 Melanoma – malignant tumor of melanocytes
 Originates in a mole/birthmark (nevus)
 Irregular in shape
 Rapidly dividing cells
Skin Cancer

Basal cell carcinoma


Malignant melanoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Skin Disorders (cont.)
 Wart (aka, verruca)
 Small tumor
 Caused by viruses of
the human
papillomavirus (HPV)
family
 Read About Joints and Bones
 Thank you for listening

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