Energy and Environment Engineering
BTES205
CA-20
MIDTERM-20
ESE-60
CREDIT-2
Unit 1: Conventional Power Generation
• Steam power station
• Nuclear power plant
• Gas turbine power plant
• Hydro power station
• advantages and disadvantages
• Thermo electric and thermionic generators
• Environmental aspects for selecting the sites and locations of
power plants
Conventional and non conventional
sources
Renewable (alternator or non conventional)
1. Energy obtained from sources that are essentially inexhaustible
2. Examples wind power, solar energy, geothermal energy
Non Renewable (conventional)
3. Fossil fuels such as coal, oil, gas,nuclear energy
4. This form of energy is exhaustible
Steam power station
• Convert chemical energy of fuel (coal/oil/gas) into mechanical /
electrical energy
Boiler(steam)
turbine
Energy convert
Schematic
arrangement
B – Boiler
A-Pulveriser
C-Hooper
D-Super heater
E-Turbine
F-Coupling
G-Alternator
H-Condenser
I-Cooling tower
Pu-Pump
L-Economiser
K=Water Reservoir
S=Precipitor
BOILER TURBINE PULVERIZER
COUPLING ALTERNATER CONDENSER
Environmental aspects for selecting the
sites and locations of power plants
1. Availability of raw materials
2. Nature of land and its cost
3. Availability of water
4. Load center
5. Transportation facilities
6. Availability of labor
7. Ash disposal facilities
8. Future expansion
9. pollution
• Advantages
1. Fuel is cheaper
2. Space required less comparing hydro power plant
3. Steam can be used as process steam for various industry
4. Overload 20 % difficulties
5. Cost of electric power generation and initial cost less than diesel engine
• Disadvantages
1. Operation and maintenance cost is high
2. Time needed for setup the plant
3. Large quantity of water required
4. Coal and ash handling poses a serious problem
5. Part load efficiency is low
6. pollution
Important steam power plants in
India
State Name Capacity MW
Andhra Pradesh Kothagundam 240
Bihar Guawahati 140
Delhi Badarpur and raj ghat 350 and 300
Gujrat Ukai and dhuvan 240 and 530
Haryana Garidabad and Panipat 200 and 220
Madhyapradesh Kobra and satpura 420 and 300
Maharashtra Nasik , koradi,paras 280,480,90
Gas turbine power plant
• Operated by gas
• Contain simple air or compressed air OR mixture with air
AIR
Compress
Combustion chamber
Turbine
Alternator
Schematic diagram
• A-Filter
• B1-Low pre. Compressor
• B2-high pre. Compressor
• C-inter cooler
• C-heat exchanger
• D-combustion chamber
• E-turbine (high press.)
• F-Coupling
• G-Alternator
• H-Turbine(low press.)
• I -Reheater
• Filter compressor inter cooler
• Heat exchanger
Open cycle gas turbine
• Modified gas turbine
• Components-
A Compressor (Isentropic)
CC Combustion chamber
C Turbine(Isentropic)
process
• Process 1 to 2--- increase the temperature and pressure
• Process 2 to 3---increase temperature but constant pressure
• Process 3 to 4---expand so volume increase.
Closed cycle
• Advantages
1. Simple in construction
2. Run at high speed
3. Can use any type of fuel
4. Start and stop quickly
5. Less space
6. Capital cost less
7. Water requirement very low
8. Low installation cost and maintenance cost
• Disadvantages
1. Shorter life 5 yrs
2. Noisy operation
3. Poor load efficiency
Hydro electric power plant
• Components
• RESERVOIR
• GATE
• PENSTOCK
• VALVE
• TURBINE
• DRAFT
• STORAGE TANK
• SURGE TANK
• Advantages
1. Capital cost is high but operation cost is less
2. More reliable
3. Start and stop easy
4. No much waste disposal problem
5. Life high 50 years
6. High efficiency
7. Less supervising staff
• Disadvantages
1. Total power produce depend upon quantity of water
2. Long transmission line
3. Time developing high
Nuclear power plant
• Components
• Heat exchanger
• Turbine
• Generator
• Condenser
• Nuclear reactor
Nuclear reactor
Comparison of nuclear power plant
with steam power plant
1. Overall cost
2. Fuel transportation
3. Operation and maintenance cost
4. Capital cost
5. reliability
Assignment
Sr no Particulars Steam power Hydro electric Gas turbine
plant power plant power plant
1 Site
2 Initial cost
3 Fuel cost
including
transportation
cost
4 Operation cost
5 Maintenance
cost
6 Space
requirement
7 Cooling water
requirement
Sr no Particulars Steam power plant Hydro electric Gas turbine power
power plant plant
8 pollution
9 Transmission and
distribution cost
10 Reliability
11 Life of plant
12 Time of installation
Assignment 1
1. Comparison of steam, hydro , gas turbine plants
2. Take any one plant and write details about it which contain
schematic diagram, components, processes, advantages and
disadvantages, site selection, current available plants in India and
their capacity
Thermoelectric generator
• Components
1. Hot side
2. Cold side
3. PN junction
4. Wire
5. bulb
Thermionic generator
• Components
1. Spherical cell-Ionised gas (Cesuim)
2. 2 electrodes anode and cathode
3. Wire
4. bulb
Thank you
