PRESENTED BY – PRATYUSH SINGH
ROLL NO. – 202210101310020
COURSE- B.C.A (11)
SUBJECT- COMPUTER AND C FUNDAMENTAL
SUBMITTED TO- ER. ASHOK MASIH
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COMPUTER
INPUT-
ALL THE DATA RECEIVED BY THE COMPUTER GOES THROUGH THE INPUT UNIT. THE INPUT UNIT COMPRISES
DIFFERENT DEVICES. LIKE A MOUSE, KEYBOARD, SCANNER, ETC. IN OTHER WORDS, EACH OF THESE DEVICES
ACTS AS A MEDIATOR BETWEEN THE USERS AND THE COMPUTER.
THE DATA THAT IS TO BE PROCESSED IS PUT THROUGH THE INPUT UNIT. THE COMPUTER ACCEPTS THE RAW
DATA IN BINARY FORM. IT THEN PROCESSES THE DATA, AND PRODUCES THE DESIRED OUTPUT.
The 3 major functions of the input unit are-
1. Take the data to be processed by the user.
2. Convert the given data into machine-readable form.
And then, transmit the converted data into the main memory of the computer.
3. The sole purpose is to connect the user and the computer. In addition, this creates easy communication
between them.
CPU – Central Processing Unit
Central Processing Unit or the CPU, is the brain of the computer. It works the same
way a human brain works. As the brain controls all human activities, the CPU too
controls all tasks.
Moreover, the CPU conducts all the arithmetical and logical operations in the
computer.
Now the CPU comprises of two units, namely – ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) and CU
(Control Unit). Both of these units work in sync. The CPU processes the data as a
whole.
CU – Control Unit
The control unit as the name suggests is the controller of all the
activities/tasks and operations. All this is performed inside the computer.
The memory unit sends a set of instructions to the control unit. Then the
control unit in turn converts those instructions. After that these instructions
are converted to control signals.
These control signals help in prioritizing and scheduling the activities. Thus,
the control unit coordinates the tasks inside the computer in sync with the
input and output units.
Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU)
We all know that computer understands the language of the binary
numbers that is 0 and the Arithmetic Logical Unit (ALU) is the digital circuit
that takes these 0s and 1s and performs the necessary arithmetic
operations on it and releases the results as the output asynchronously.
Memory Unit
All the data that has to be processed or has been processed is stored
in the memory unit. The memory unit acts as a hub of all the data. It
transmits it to the required part of the computer whenever necessary.
The memory unit works in sync with the CPU. This helps in faster
accessing and processing of the data. Thus, making tasks easier and
faster.
There are two types of computer memory-
Primary memory – This type of memory cannot store a vast amount of data.
Therefore, it is only used to store recent data. The data stored in this is
temporary. It can get erased once the power is switched off. Therefore, is also
called temporary memory or the main memory.
RAM stands for Random Access Memory. It is an example of primary memory.
This memory is directly accessible by the CPU. It is used for reading and writing
purposes. For data to be processed, it has to be first transferred to the RAM and
then to the CPU.
Secondary memory – As explained above, the primary memory stores
temporary data. Thus, it cannot be accessed in the future. For permanent storage
purposes, secondary memory is used. It is also called the permanent memory or
Output
There is nothing to be amazed by what the output unit is used for. All the
information sent to the computer once processed is received by the user
through the output unit. Devices like printers, monitors, projector, etc. all
come under the output unit.
The output unit displays the data either in the form of a soft copy or hard
copy. The printer is for the hard copy. The monitor is for the display. The
output unit accepts the data in binary form from the computer. It then
converts it into a readable form for the user.
