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Lecture 5 Control Structures in Python

This document covers control structures in Python, focusing on Boolean data types, relational and logical operators, and conditional statements. It explains how to use if, if-else, if-elif-else, and nested if-else statements to control the flow of a program based on conditions. Additionally, it includes an exercise for applying these concepts by writing a script that evaluates the length of a user-inputted word.

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bonifacesanudi2
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0 views

Lecture 5 Control Structures in Python

This document covers control structures in Python, focusing on Boolean data types, relational and logical operators, and conditional statements. It explains how to use if, if-else, if-elif-else, and nested if-else statements to control the flow of a program based on conditions. Additionally, it includes an exercise for applying these concepts by writing a script that evaluates the length of a user-inputted word.

Uploaded by

bonifacesanudi2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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COMP-122

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER
PROGRAMMING
Lecture 5: Control Structures in Python
Outline
• Boolean Data Type
• Relational / Comparison Operators
• Logical Operators
• Conditional Statements
Boolean Data Types
• In Python, to represent Boolean values, True and False,
we use the bool data type.
• Boolean values are used to evaluate the value of the
expression. For example, when we compare two values,
the expression is evaluated, and Python returns the
Boolean True or False.
• Like any other value, Boolean values are used in
expressions and can be stored in variables. If you don’t
use the proper case or you try to use True and False for
variable names, Python will give you an error message.
Boolean Data Types Cont.
• For Example:
Relational Operators
• Relational operators are also called comparison
operators.
• It performs a comparison between two values. It returns
a Boolean True or False depending upon the result of
the comparison.
Logical Operators
• Logical operators are useful when checking if a condition is
true or false.
• Python has three logical operators. All logical operator
returns a Boolean value True or False depending on the
condition in which it is used.
Operator Description Example
and (Logical True if both the
a and b
and) operands are True
True if either of the
or (Logical or) a or b
operands is True
not (Logical True if the operand is
not a
not) False
Logical Operators Cont.
• For Example:
Conditional Statements
• In Python, condition statements act depending on
whether a given condition is true or false.
• You can execute different blocks of codes depending on
the outcome of a condition. Condition statements
always evaluate to either True or False.
• These are conditional statements:
if statement
if-else
if-elif-else
nested if-else
The if Statement
• An if statement tells Python to only execute a portion of
code if a condition is met.
• It takes a condition and evaluates to either True or.
False
• If the condition is True, then the True block of code will
be executed, and if the condition is False, then the block
of code is skipped, and The controller moves to the next
line.
The if Statement Cont.
• In Python, an if statement consists of the following:
i. The if keyword
ii. A condition (that is, an expression that evaluates to
True or False)
iii. A colon
iv. Starting on the next line, an indented block of code
The if Statement Cont.
• The Syntax of if statement:

• Example:
The if - else statement
• The if-else statement checks the condition and executes
the if block of code when the condition is True, and if
the condition is False, it will execute the else block of
code.
• Syntax of the if-else statement:

• If the condition is True, then statements 1 and n will be


executed If the condition is False, statements 2 and n
will be executed
The if - else statement Cont.
• Example:
The if-elif-else statement
• In Python, the if-elif-else condition statement has an elif
blocks to chain multiple conditions one after another.
This is useful when you need to check multiple
conditions.
• Just like if statements, elif statements have three parts:
i. The elif keyword
ii. A test condition, followed by a colon
iii. An indented code block that is executed if the test
condition evaluates to True
The if-elif-else Statement cont.
• Syntax of the if-elif-else statement:
The if-elif-else Statement cont.
• Example:
Nested if-else statement
• In Python, the nested if-else statement is an if
statement inside another if-else statement.
• It is allowed in Python to put any number of if
statements in another if statement.
• Indentation is the only way to differentiate the level of
nesting. The nested if-else is useful when we want to
make a series of decisions.
Nested if-else statement cont.
• Syntax of the nested-if-else:
Nested if-else statement cont.
• Example: Find a greater number between two numbers
Exercise
• Write a script that prompts the user to enter a
word using the input() function, stores that input
in a variable, and then displays whether the
length of that string is less than 5 characters,
greater than 5 characters, or equal to 5
characters by using a set of if, elif, and else
statements.
word = input('Enter your word: ')
if len(word) == 0:
print('No word entered')
elif len(word) < 5:
print('Less than 5 characters')
elif len(word) > 5:
print('Greater than 5 characters')
else:
print('equal to 5 characters')

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