MAED-SCI 103
ADVANCE CHEMISTRY
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Reporter Name:JOAN L. LOMO
Table Of Contents
01 02 03
THE d and f BLOCK OF TRANSITION METAL SOLID STATE
THE PERIODIC TABLE CATALYSIS CHEMISTRY
OF ELEMENTS
What is
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY?
Part 01
TRANSITION
The d-block and f-
METALS
block
MAIN GROUP
ELEMENTS
(s and p blocks)
____ , ____ , ____ , ____ , _____
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
(METALS)
Title Title
Title Title
Coinage metals
- because of
their historical
use in making
coins
In certain
Title oxidation
Title states, they exhibit
partially filled d-orbitals, allowing then
to display variable oxidation states and
form complex ions, which is a key
characteristics of transition metals
COMMON GENERAL PROPERTIES OF ALL
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
1. They are all metals
2. They are practically all hard, strong, high melting point,
high boiling point. They conduct heat and electricity.
3. They form alloys with one another and with other
metallic elements.
4. They are partially filled shells/orbitals they form at least
some paramagnetic compounds.
The Inner Transition Elements (f-block)
LANTHANI
DES ACTINIDE
• The elements that S
contain 4f orbitals in • The elements that
their valence shell contain 5f orbitals in
• Similar in reactivity to their valence shell
the group 2 alkine earth • All radioactive
metals elements
LANTHANID
ES
• typically have a tint of white and silver in their
appearance.
• except promethium, lanthanides do not naturally release
radiation.
• The lanthanide metals are soft; their hardness increases
across the series .
• The lanthanides are strongly paramagnetic.
• In oxidation states, all lanthanide elements commonly
have the +3 oxidation state.
ACTINIDE
S
• They are composed of paramagnetic elements.
• They typically exhibit a shiny, metallic appearance.
• Actinoids have complex oxidation states, often ranging
from +3 to +6.
• Many actinoids have a high density, making them
heavy metals.
Uses of Lanthanides
1. Widely used as alloys
to impart strength and
hardness to metals. 4. Used in the
production of TV
2. Widely used in the
screens.
petroleum industry for
refining crude oil into 5. Used in the
gasoline products. production of Magnetic
3. Widely used in some Resonance Imagery
optical devices, such as contrast agents.
night vision googles.
Uses of Actinides
Nuclear Power Generation. Uranium is the
primary fuel used in nuclear reactors to generate
electricity through nuclear fission.
Nuclear Weapons. Plutonium is also used in nuclear
weapons due to its high fissionability.
Smoke Detectors. Americium-241 is used in smoke detectors
due to its alpha radiation which triggers the alarm when smoke
interrupts the radiation stream.
Cancer Theraphy. Thorium is used in the atomic
reactors and in the treatment of cancer.
Part 02
TRANSITION
METAL CATALYSIS
BIMOLECULA
R Right Right
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goes here
Energy
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goes here
The title
Orientatio
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n
BIMOLECULA
R
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a chemical species that is INTERMEDIAT
formed during a multi-step E
reaction, appearing in the
The title The title The title
mechanism but not in the
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overall balanced equation.
Some of the reactioins do
not work kinetically
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CATALYSIS
Catalysis is the chemicl reaction
brought by a catalyst.
Catalysts are substances that
increase the reaction rate of a
chemical reaction without being
The title The title The title
consumed in the process.
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TRANSITION METAL
CATALYSIS
1. Homogeneous Catalysis
- the catalyst is in the same phase
as the reactant.
2. Heterogeneous
The title The title The title
Catalysis
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- the catalyst is in a different phase
Homogeneous
Catalysis
C=
The title The title
goes here goes here
Homogeneous
Catalysis
the metal atom is
bound to ligands
Drawbacks in Using
Homogeneous Catalysts
Heterogeneous
Catalysts
Heterogeneous
Catalysts
Heterogeneous
Catalysts
maximizes the contact area
between catalysts/reactants
APPLICATION OF
HOMOGENEOUS
CATALYSIS
•Pharmaceutical production:
- Synthesis of enantiopure drugs, where
specific molecular interactions with the
catalyst are crucial for achieving desired
stereochemistry. [ 𝑅ℎ (𝐶𝑂 )2 𝐼 2 ]
𝐶𝐻 3 𝑂𝐻 +𝐶𝑂 𝐶𝐻 3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻
1 . 𝐶𝐻 3 𝑂𝐻 +𝐻𝐼 𝐶𝐻 3 𝐼+𝐻 2 𝑂
2 . 𝐶𝐻 3 𝐼 +𝐶𝑂 𝐶𝐻 3 𝐶𝑂𝐼
3 . 𝐶𝐻 3 𝐶𝑂𝐼+ 𝐻 2 𝑂 𝐶𝐻 3 𝐶𝑂𝑂𝐻+ 𝐻𝐼
APPLICATION OF
HOMOGENEOUS
CATALYSIS
𝐶𝐻 3 𝐼
𝐶𝑂 ❑
APPLICATION OF
HETEROGENEOUS
CATALYSIS
•Catalytic converters
-Reducing toxic gases like carbon
monoxide and nitrogen oxides in car
exhausts using metals like platinum,
palladium, and rhodium deposited on a
ceramic substrate.
•Oil refining
-Cracking and reforming of crude
oil to produce gasoline and other
products.
Part 03
SOLID
STATE
CHEMISTRY
Basic Concept of Solids
Definite
Shape
and
Definte Can not
Volume Compress
Strong Do not
Intermolecula Fill
r Container
Forces
Types of Solids
Crystalline Solids Amorphous Solids
1. Particles are regulary arranged 1. Particles are irregulary arranged
2. Long order in arrangement of 2. short order in arrangement of
particles particles
3. Perfect Solids 3. Imperfect Solids
4. Sharp melting points 4. Ranged melting points
Examples: Salt, Iron, Gold, Sugar Examples: Glass, Rubber, Wax
Types of Crystalline Solids
Crystal Lattice and Unit Cell
Soli Constituent atoms, ions,
d Particles molecules
Parts of a Unit
Calculating number of atoms inside a unit
cell
Close Packing in Crystral Systems
Coordination Number = total no of touching
spheres
Constituent Particles = Spheres
What is Close Packing?
- Occupying maximum
space
Coordination Number of A=
1
- Minimum space is
empty
Coordination Number of B=
4
Application of the Solid State Chemistry
Electronics (semiconductors, transistors).The foundation of
modern electronics, including microchips and transistors, heavily
relies on solid-state materials like silicon and gallium arsenide,
which are studied and engineered using solid-state chemistry.
Energy storage devices. Solid-state batteries, crucial for electric
vehicles and renewable energy storage, are developed by
understanding the properties of solid-state materials and their
interactions with ions.
Sensors. Solid-state materials with specific electrical or optical
properties can be used to create highly sensitive sensors for
detecting various chemicals, gases, and physical parameters.
THANK YOU
