*The Information Age

(Gutenberg to Social
Media)
Information Age
Pre-assessment Activity: Situation
Imagine that you are at lost in the wilderness and there is a
substitution cypher (a method of encrypting message in which
the letters of the original text are systematically replaced by
different alphabet) that you need to answer to solve your
dilemma.
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WX Y Z

S T U V WX Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R
Information Age
Encrypted word: AFXGJESLAGF KWSJUZAFY

Answer:_____________________________________

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V WX Y Z

S T U V WX Y Z A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R
 The Information Age
 The Information Age is also known as the
Computer Age, Digital Age and the New
Media Age
 Introduced the “movable type printing”
 Established “Gutenberg Era” which is
shaping the nature of society and its
underlying institutions.
 Principle: “The massive distribution of
information in an expansive manner
because it is institutionalized.
 During the time when the printing press was not yet
available, information could be processed in a
tendinous manner.
 Books were written and produced by hand
 They were made in surfaces of clay, wax, papyrus
and parchment
 The hand-produced books and other reading
materials were restricted only to those people who
can afford to buy these materials, called the “Elite
Group of People”.
* The
 Information wasPre-Gutenberg World
only relayed to other through a word-
of-mouth channels.
 The Gutenberg
Revolution
 Begun with the introduction of printing specifically the
movable printing press
 Gutenberg’s principle existed in such a way that information
could be passed on to every individual, but the access was
expensive.
 Books printed in this era were called “incunabula” meaning
cradle or birth of place.
 This technology eventually diffused from Mainz to Subiaco in
Italy, Paris and then London.
 Most of the books that was first printed were that of a
religious texts of the medieval period were initially written in
Latin but later were translated in local language for it to be
understandable for common people.
INFORMATION AGE
GUTENBERG TO SOCIAL MEDIA
Johannes Gutenberg
• German goldsmith
• He invented the printing press around 1440
• Printing Press is a device that applies pressure to
an inked surface lying on a print medium, such as
cloth or paper, to transfer ink.
• This invention was a result of finding a way to
improve the manual, tedious, and slow printing
INFORMATION AGE

GUTENBERG TO SOCIAL MEDIA

Johannes Gutenberg
• The printing press made the mass production of
books possible which made books accessible not only
in the upper class.
• The development of a fast and easy way of
disseminating information on print permanently
reformed the structure of society.
INFORMATION AGE

GUTENBERG TO SOCIAL MEDIA

Johannes Gutenberg
• The beginnings of mass communication can be traced
back to the invention of the printing press.
• Political and religious authorities who took pride in
being learned and threatened by the sudden rise of
literacy among people.
INFORMATION AGE

https://www.timebulletin.com/interesting-facts-
about-printing-press-inventor-johannes-
gutenberg/
 INFORMATION AGE
Johannes Gutenberg Printing Press

https://www.printmuseum.org/gutenberg-press The Gutenberg Press(www.pinterest.com)

INFORMATION AGE

• Back then, people who compiled actuarial tables and

did engineering calculations served as “computers”
• During World War II the Allies, (US, Canada, Britain,
France, USSR, Australia, etc.), countries that opposed
the Axis powers (Germany, Japan, Italy, Hungary
Romania, and Bulgaria), were challenge with the
serious shortage of human computers for military
calculations.
INFORMATION AGE

• United States created Harvard Mark 1

- purpose electromechanical computer that was 50
feet long and capable of doing calculations in
seconds that usually took people hours.
- Howard Aiken and Grace Hopper designed the
MARK series of computers at Harvard University
beginning in 1944. (Bellis, 2020)
INFORMATION AGE

• Enigma
an enciphering machine that the German armed
forces used to securely send messages.
INFORMATION AGE

“Enigma M4” Cypher Machine

Harvard Mark 1 at the back of Howard (justcollecting.com)
(https://www.thoughtco.com/howard-aiken-and-
grace-hopper-4078389)
INFORMATION AGE

Alan Turing (cryptologists)

• English mathematician
• He was hired in 1936 by the British top-
secret Government Code and Cipher School
at Bletchley Park to break the Enigma code.
His code-breaking methods became an
industrial process having 12,000 people
working 24/7.
INFORMATION AGE
Alan Turing

• Bombe

• An electromechanical machine that enabled the

British to decipher encrypted messages of the
German Enigma machine.

• Shortened the war by two years (Munro,2012).

INFORMATION AGE
Alan Turing

• Bombe

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/
File:A_Turing_Bombe,_Bletchley_Park_-
_geograph.org.uk_-_1590986.jpg
INFORMATION AGE
Alan Turing

• In his paper On Computable Numbers, with an

Application to the Entscheidungs problem,
( publish in 1937)

• Presented a theoretical machine called Turing

machine
-can solve any problem from simple instructions
encoded on a paper tape.
Turing machine

httpsmedium.comcreative-automataclassic-
turing-machine-with-tape-erasure-
e14870ad154e
INFORMATION AGE
Alan Turing

• Also demonstrated the simulation of Turing

machine to construct a single Universal Machine.

• Foundation of Computer Science and the

invention of a machine later called a Computer,

-Can solve any problem by performing any task

from written program (DeHaan,2012).
Universal Machine.

https://altexploit.wordpress.com/2017/08/02/
universal-turing-machine-algorithmic-halting/
 The Post-Gutenberg World

This era can be described as the emergence of

the internet and the world wide web. This
paved the way to possible uploading and
downloading of all forms of media instruments
such as audio, video and images. It enabled
people to publish or spread the information.
INFORMATION AGE

1970s

• Prescribed as the generation with “electronic

brains”.

• First to be introduced to personal computers (PCs).

INFORMATION AGE
Homebrew Computer Club

• an early computer hobbyist group, gathered regularly

to trade parts of computer and hardware and talked
about how to make computers more accessible to
everyone.

• Many members of the club ended up being high-

profile entrepreneurs,
INFORMATION AGE
Steve Wozniak (1976)
• Co-founder of Apple Inc., developed the computer that made
him famous: The Apple I.
• Designed the operating system, hardware, and circuit board of
the computer all by himself.
Steve Jobs
• Wozniak’s friend
• Suggested to sell the Apple I
• Founders of Apple Inc
INFORMATION AGE

Apple I, also called Apple-1 or Apple Computer 1

 The Rise of Digital Age
With the advent of modern
technologies, printing press are not
the only tools used in spreading
information. Nowadays, information is
readily available to pass on from
individual to another from here to
even faraway places.
 COMPUTER
S
 Invented by Charles Babbage, an English
mechanical engineer and considered as the
“Father of Computers”
 This technology was designed for mathematical
calculations and simple decision-making
capabilities.
 The “Main-Frame Computers” were a large
room-sized computer that provide people data
calculation and manipulation faster than the
human brain.
 THE
INTERNET
 Developed in California, USA in the late 1960s.
 Invented by Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn
 The development of fiber-optics allowed the
billions of bits of information to be received
every minute
 A company named “Intel” was one of the
companies that developed the faster
microprocessor like i5 and i7 that can process
data quickly.
 WORLD
WIDE WEB

 Invented by Sir Tim Berners-Lee, a British

computer scientist that started in 1990
 This was basically for commercial purposes
 Home pages were made by companies,
business owners or corporations
 Online businesses can earn money through
online transactions
 ELECTRONIC MAIL
OR EMAIL

 Communication was made easier through “E-

mail”
 Claimed by V.A Shiva Ayyadurai, an Indian born
American scientist and entrepreneur
 He started building the system in 1978
 The copyright for the term E-mail was granted
to him in 1982
The Most Commonly Used Social Media
Platforms

Facebook Instagram Youtube

Twitter Messenger
Google
 FACEBOOK
● Mark Elliot Zuckerberg co-founded the
social media networking website,
Facebook
● Launched in February 4, 2004 while he
was at Harvard University with his
fellow students
● Facebook is a social networking site
website where people can connect and
share information through photos and
videos online.
 INSTAGRA
M
● Created by Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger in
October 2010
● It is a free, online photo-sharing application and
social networking platform that was acquired by
Facebook in 2012.
● This is used to enhance and give style to your
photo which can later be shared with others
using the same application
 MESSENGE
R
● Originally developed as Facebook
Chat in 2008 but changed its
messaging service in 2010.
● It is an ap that enables a private
messaging function between two or
more people.
● Launched in August 2011, replacing
Facebook Chat.
TWITTER

● Created by Mark Dorsey, Noah Glass, Biz

Stone, and Evan Williams in March 2006 and
launched in July of the same year.
● It is a social media site, where people post
and interact with message or “tweets” which
are restricted only up to 140 characters
● Considered as the “SMS of the Internet”
GOOGLE

● Created by Larry Page and Sergey Brin

● Google is an internet search engine
● The google.com domain was
registered in September 1997 and it is
now the most used search engine in
the world wide web.
 YOUTUBE
● Today’s online largest destination and
third most visited website
● Founded by Steve Chen, Chad Hurley
and Jawed Krim
● It is a free video sharing website that
contains videos about enormous
aspects of life.
INFORMATION AGE

Progressed from the invention of the printing press to the

development of numerous social media platforms, has
immensely influenced the lives of the people. The impact
of these innovations can be advantageous or
disadvantageous depending on the use of these
technologies.