COMPARATIVE

MODELS IN
POLICING
PREPARED BY:
ANGELICA C. IBARRA
 COMPARATIVE
An estimate of relative likeness or unlikeness of two objects or
event
POLICING

• The practice of the maintenance of peace and order.

 COMPARATIVE POLICING
SYSTEM

 Process of outlining the similarities and differences of

one police system to another in order to discover
insights in the field of international policing.

It is the science and art of investigating and

comparing the police system of the nation.
 TWO COMPARING METHOD

1. SAFARI METHOD
- The researcher visits another country.

2. COLLABORATIVE METHOD
- The researcher communicates with a
foreign researcher.
  Is a package of
GLOBALIZATION
transnational flow of
people, production,
investment, information,
ideas, and authority.
 It is the system of
interaction among the
countries of the world in
order to develop the global
 1. INDUSTRY: The world has become a
huge market where you can buy and sell
things produced in any part of the world.
EFFECTS OF
GLOBALIZATIO 2. CULTURE: Decrease in the cultural
diversity that used to exist in the world.
N
3. LEGISLATION: Increase in the
establishment of international courts of
justice

4. LANGUAGE: People tend to forget their

mother tongue and use English instead.
5. INFORMATION: With the use of internet and
other information technology, it’s much easier and
faster to share information worldwide.

6. FINANCE: It’s now easier to raise finance

through individuals and firms outside the country.

7. POLITICS: Powerful countries and individuals

have political control over the whole world, not only
their country.
 EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION
TO LAW ENFORCEMENT

Presents new threats:

 Increasing volume of human rights violations
 Conflict between nation
 Transnational criminal networks for drug
trafficking, money laundering, terrorism
 THEORIES OF COMPARATIVE POLICING

1. ALERTNESS TO CRIME THEORY

- Is that as a nation develops, people’s alertness to crime
is heightened.

2. ECONOMIC OR MIGRATION THEORY

- Crime is the result of unrestrained migration and
overpopulation in urban areas ghettos and slums.

3. OPPORTUNITY THEORY
- Victims become more careless of their belongings
4. DEMOGRAPHIC THEORY
- Is based on the event where greater number of children are being born.

5. DEPRIVATION THEORY
- Holds that progress comes along with rising expectations.

6. MODERNIZATION THEORY
- Sees problem as society becoming too complex

7. THEORY OF ANOMIE AND SYNOMIE

- Progressive lifestyles and norms result in the disintegration of older
norms that one held people together

> SYNOMIE – social cohesion

> ANOMIE - disintegration
 1. HOME RULE THEORY
- Police officers are servants of

THEORIES the community or the people

OF POLICE
SERVICE
2. CONTINENTAL THEORY
- Police officers are servants of
higher authorities
 1. OLD POLICE SERVICE/CONCEPT
- Yardstick of police proficiency relies on the
CONCEPT
OF POLICE number of arrest made.
SERVICE 2. MODERN POLICE SERVICE/CONCEPT
This concept considers the police service as an
organ of crime prevention.
 1. COMMON LAW SYSTEM
- Also known as “Anglo-American
Justice”
- There is a strong adversarial system
and rely upon oral system of evidence in
which the public trial is a main focal
TYPES OF point.
POLICE
2. CIVIL LAW SYSTEM
SYSTEM - Also known as “”Continental Justice or
Romano Germanic Justice”
- Distinguished by strong inquisitorial
system where less right is granted to the
accused and the written law is taken
as gospel and subject to little
interpretation.
3. SOCIALIST SYSTEM
- A.K.A “Marxist-Leninist Justice”
Distinguished by procedures designed to
rehabilitate the offender.

4. ISLAMIC SYSTEM
- A.K.A “Muslim or Arabic Justice” and derive all
their procedures and practices from the
interpretation of the Koran.
 1. ADVERSARIAL
- Where the accused is innocent
until proven guilty
TYPES OF
COMPARATIVE
COURT SYSTEM
2. INQUISITORIAL

- Where the accused is guilty until

proven innocent or mitigated
 1. FOLK-COMMUNAL SOCIETY
- Little codification of laws, no specialization
among police and system of punishment that just

FOUR (4) let things go for a while without attention

KINDS OF until things become too much then harsh,

barbaric punishment is resorted to.
SOCIETIES IN
THE WORLD
2. URBAN-COMMERCIAL SOCIETY

- Has civil laws, specialized police forces,

punishment is inconsistent, sometimes harsh,
sometimes lenient like in middle Eastern tribes.
3. URBAN-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY
- Not only has codified laws but laws that prescribe
good behavior, police become specialized how to
handle property crimes.

4. BUREAUCRATIC SOCIETY

- Has system of laws, police who tend to keep busy

handling political crimes and terrorism. with
centralized and rigid decision-making processes
in place.
 THREE (3) STYLES OF POLICING
(by James Q. Wilson)
1. WATCHMAN STYLE POLICING
- Highlights peace, without aggressive law enforcement and with a few control
over officers that does ranking and filing. Deals with maintaining order and law.

2. LEGALISTIC STYLE
- Deals with aggressive crime fighting and tries to control officers' behavior
through a rule bound.
- Enforces the law by writing more tickets, making more arrests, and encouraging
victims to sign complaints.

3. SERVICE STYLE
- Has similar characteristics as watchman style and legalistic styles but focuses
mainly on service to the community and citizens.
 1. CENTRALIZED POLICING SYSTEM
- There is only one police force that is
recognized and operates entirely a certain
country. France and Japan, where national
ACCORDIN policies are implemented uniformly across
the entire country.
G TO
STRUCTUR
2. DECENTRALIZED POLICING SYSTEM
E
- Police system wherein police administration
and operation are independent from one
state to another.
- More applicable to countries with
federal government like in Germany
 ACCORDING TO APPROACH

1. PROBLEM-ORIENTED POLICING (POP)

- Model of policing which is focused in preventing
crime from happening.
- Involves detectives monitoring for patterns of
crime to help understand when and how
crimes are being committed.
The SARA Model builds on Herman Goldstein’s
Problem-Oriented Policing and was developed and
coined by John Eck and William Spelman (1987).
The acronym SARA stands for:
 SCANNING – identify and prioritize the problem
 B. ANALYSIS – pinpoint the cause of problem
based on data
 C. RESPONSE – action plan or intervention
 D. ASSESSMENT – evaluate the effectiveness
2. INTELLIGENCE-LED POLICING

- Is a practice that leverages technological advances in

both data collection and analytics to generate
valuable “intelligence” that can be used to more
efficiently direct law enforcement resource to the
people and places where they are likely to do the
most good.

- The police should actively gather information

about criminals and their organization.
3. REACTIVE OR TRADITIONAL POLICING
- Can be defined as the police responding to specific request
from the individual or groups in the community.

4. PROACTIVE POLICING
- Aggressive law enforcement style in which patrol officers take
the initiative against crime instead of waiting for
criminals acts to occur.

5. PREDICTIVE POLICING
- Includes predictive and analytical techniques in law
enforcement to identify potential offenders.
6 . REASSURANCE POLICING
- Emphasizing the police’s communication of positive image
to the public, that the public is reassured by the police
being visibly present within communities and that
they are accessible and familiar faces.
7. COMMUNITY ORIENTED POLICING
- Programs designed to bring the police and the public
closer together and create more cooperative working
environment between them.
 TWO DIMENSIONS ON DIFFERENT
METHOD OF POLICING

SINGULAR MODEL
- The entire police force in the country is organized as a
single force.

MULTIPLE MODEL
- In a single country there are number of police forces.
 INSIDE THE MULTIPLE MODEL

- If the police forces have well defined territories of

functioning and their functions do not overlap each
other the model is called MULTIPLE COORDINATED.

- If the case is reverse where many agencies can have

overlapping jurisdictions it is called MULTIPLE
UNCOORDINATED.
 BRIEF
HISTORY
OF
PHILIPPI
NE
POLICING
SYSTEM
 ANCIENT
ROOTS
- The forerunner of the contemporary
police system was the practice of
barangay chieftains to select
able-bodied young men to protect
their barangay during the night
and were not required to work in the
fields during daytime. Among the
duties of those selected were to
protect the properties of the people in
the barangay and protect their crops
 SPANISH PERIOD
CARABINEROS DE SEGURIDAD PUBLICA
- Organized in 1712 for the purpose of
carrying the regulations of the
Department of State: this was armed with
carbines and considered as the mounted
police; years after, this kind of police
organization discharged the duties of a port,
harbor and river police. In 1781, it was given
the special commission of government
custodies of the tobacco monopoly.
- By Royal Decree of December 20, 1842, it
was reorganized and called Cuerpo de
Carabineros de Seguridad Publica (Corps
of Carbines for Public Safety). This was the 1st
group to be arm with rifle in the history
GUARDRILLEROS/CUARDILLO
- This was a body of rural police by
the Royal Decree of January 18,
1836, this decree provided that 5%
of the able-bodied male inhabitants
of each province were to enlisted in
this police organization for three
years.

GUARDIA CIVIL
- This was created by a Royal Decree
issued by the Crown on February 12,
1852 to partially relieve the Spanish
Peninsular troops of their work in
policing towns. It consisted of a body
of Filipino policemen organized
originally in each of the provincial
capitals of the central provinces of
Luzon under the Alcalde Mayor.
 AMERICAN PERIOD
ACT NO. 70 – Metropolitan Police Force of Manila was organized

ACT 175 – “An Act Providing for the Organization and Government of an
Insular Constabulary” established on August 8, 1908.

ACT 255 – renaming Insular Constabulary to Philippine Constabulary

 CAPTAIN HENRY ALLEN – the First Chief of the Philippine

Constabulary

ACT 183 – enacted on July 13, 1901, created the Manila Police Department
POST-AMERICAN PERIOD

R.A. 4864 – Otherwise known as the Police Act of 1966,

enacted on August 8, 1966; created the Police Commission
(POLCOM) as a supervisory agency to oversee the training and
professionalization of the local police forces under the
Office of the President; later the POLCOM was renamed into
National Police Commission (NAPOLCOM)
MARTIAL LAW PERIOD

P.D. 765 – Otherwise known as the Integration Act of 1975,

enacted on August 8, 1975; established the Integrated National
Police (INP) composed of the Philippine Constabulary (PC) as the
nucleus and the local police forces as components, under the
Ministry of National Defense.
 POST MARTIAL LAW REGIME
R.A. 6975 – Otherwise known as the Department of the Interior and Local
Government Act of 1990, enacted on December 13, 1990; reorganized the DILG
and established the Philippine National Police, Bureau of Fire Protection, Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology and the Philippine Public Safety College.

R.A. 8551 – Otherwise known as the Philippine National Police Reform and
Reorganization Act of 1998, enacted on February 25, 1998; this law amended
certain provisions of RA 6975.

R.A. 9708 – Law amending the provisions of RA 6975 and RA 8551 on the
minimum educational qualifications for appointment to the PNP and adjusting the
promotion system; approved on August 12, 2009.
 IMPORTANT FILIPINO PERSONALITIES IN THE EVOLUTION
OF PHILIPPINE POLICING
1. BGEN. RAFAEL CRAME
- The first Filipino Chief of the Philippine Constabulary on December 17, 1917.

2. COL. ANTONIO TORRES

- The first Filipino Chief of Police of the Manila Police Department in 1935.

3. COL. LAMBERTO JAVALERA

- The first Chief of Police of the Manila Police Department after the Philippine
Independence from the United States of America in 1946 appointed by Fidel
Ramos.

4. P/DIR. GEN. CESAR NAZARENO

- The first Chief of the Philippine National Police
 LONDON

METROPOLITAN POLICE
- Organized in 1829 by Sir Robert
Peel (Metropolitan Police Act of
1829)
- Finest police force around the
world

 Motto: Total Policing

 Highest Rank: Commissioner
 Lowest Rank: Police Constable
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

TYPES OF US POLICE:

1. CITY POLICE
- Mainly responsible for enforcing
the law in their own city.

o In most cities in USA, who

appoints the head of the
police department in cities?
MAYOR
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
2. COUNTY POLICE
- The powers of a county police force extend throughout the county.

 What do we call the law enforcement officer in most counties? SHERIFF

 Who appoints Sheriff? PEOPLE

3. STATE POLICE
- Headed by a Commissioner or Superintendent.

 What is the term called for all of the state police officers? TROOPERS
 Who appoints the Commissioner or Superintendent? STATE GOVERNOR
 How many police states are there in the USA? 50 OUT OF 51 STATES
(EXCEPT HAWAII)
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

4. FEDERAL POLICE
- They are responsible in enforcing law within the whole country of
USA including outside borders.

5. FBI
- Chief investigating branch of the US Department of Justice;
Investigates federal crime and handles cases involving stolen
money or property that has been taken from one state to
another.
- Texas Ranger is the forerunner of FBI
 U.S. POLICE AGENCIES
1. NEW YORK POLICE DEPARTMENT – the largest police force in the U.S.
2. TEXAS RANGER – police force originally created in response to
colonization
3. BOSTON POLICE DEPARTMENT – first local modern police department
established in the U.S.
4. PENNYSYLVANIA STATE POLICE – the first state police agency
established
5. LOS ANGELES POLICE DEPARTMENT – police force that hired the first
female police officer named, Alice Stebbins Wells.

 Highest Ranks: Chief of Police/Police Commissioner/Superintendent/Sheriff

 Lowest Ranks: Officer/Deputy Sheriff/Corporal
 CANADA

ROYAL CANADIAN MOUNTED POLICE (RCMP)

- Colloquially known as Mounties and internally as “The
Force”
- Is the national police force of Canada and one of the
most recognized of its kind in the world being a
national, federal, provincial and municipal policing body.
- Headed by the Commission under the direction of the
Minister of Public Safety Canada

 Motto: Maintiens le Detroit (Defend the law)

 Highest Rank: Commissioner
 Lowest Rank: Police Constables 4th Class
 AUSTRALIA
AUSTRALIAN FEDERAL POLICE
- Australia is a Federal State; it has only
one police force for each of six
states as well as for the northern
territory.
- The Australian Federal Police is involved
in preventing and investigating crimes
against commonwealth.
- It was established by the Federal
Police Act of 1979 and is under
Home Affairs Ministry.
 Highest Rank: Commissioner
HONG KONG
THE ROYAL HONG KONG POLICE
FORCE (RHKPH)

- Is the largest disciplined service under

the Security Bureau of Hong Kong,
headed by Secretary for Security.
- World’s second and Asia’s first
police agency to operate with a
modern policing system.
- Interpol acknowledged the RHKPF as
“Asia’s Finest”

 Motto: We Serve with Pride and Care

 Highest: Commissioner of Police
HONG KONG POLICE COLLEGE

- Is responsible for all matters relating to training within the Hong

Kong Police except internal security, auxiliary and marine police
training.

COMPLAINTS AND INTERNAL INVESTIGATIONS (C&II)

- Includes the Complaints Against Police Office (CAPO) oversees

the investigation and successful resolution of all complaints made
both externally and internally against members of the force.
 TAIWAN
NATIONAL POLICE AGENCY
- Its headquarter is located at Taipei
City and under the Ministry of the
Interior

 Highest Rank: Police Supervisor

General
 Lowest Rank: Police Rank Four
Selection and Training:
Taiwan Police College
Central Police University
MYANMAR
MYANMAR POLICE FORCE
- Formerly known as The People’s
Police Force established in 1964
as independent department under
the Ministry of Home Affairs
- Headquarter is located at
Naypyidaw

 Highest Rank: Police Director

General
 Lowest Rank: Constables
 INDONESIA
INDONESIA NATIONAL POLICE (KEPOLISIAN
NEGARA REPUBLIKA - INDONESIA)
- Also known as POLRI
- Headquarters are located at Kebayoran Baru,
South Jakarta

POLRI TERRITORIAL FORCES

1. Kepolisian Daerah or Polda – provincial police
2. Kepolisian Wilayah or Polwil – regional police
3. Kepolisian Resort or Polres – city police
4. Kepolisian Sector or Polsek – sub-district police

 Highest Rank: Police General

 Lowest Rank: Second Bhayangkara
 MALAYSIA

ROYAL MALAYSIA POLICE

- Headquarter is located at Bukit Aman,
Kuala Lumpur
- The constitution, control, employment,
recruitment, fund, discipline, duties and
powers of the police force is specified and
governed by the Police Act 1967

 Motto: Tegas, Adil Dan Berhemah (Firm,

Fair and Prudent)
 Highest Rank: Inspector-General of Police
 Lowest Rank: Police Constable
 SINGAPORE

SINGAPORE POLICE FORCE (SPF)

- Is the main agency task with the
maintaining law and order in the city-
state. It is formerly known as Republic of
Singapore Police. Under Minister of
Home Affairs (Responsible for Public
Safety, Civil Defense, and Immigration)
- Headquarters at New Phoenix Park in
Novena

 Highest Rank: Commissioner of Police

 Lowest Rank: Constable
 JAPAN

NATIONAL POLICE AGENCY

- A totally gun less police force, except for its
special attack team.
o National Public Safety Commission
- A government body responsible for the
administrative supervision of the police.
o Imperial Guards
- Provides escort to the Emperor, Empress,
Crown Prince, and other Imperial family.
Responsible for the security of Imperial Palace.

 Highest Rank: Commissioner General (Appointed

by NPSC with approval of Prime Minister)
 Lowest Rank: Police Officer (Junsa)
KOBAN
- It is a police post located in urban neighborhood
- The smallest organizational unit in today’s Japanese
police system. Koban usually staffed by 3-5 officers and
about 7000 residential police boxes. About 20% of police
assigned to Koban.

CHUZAISHO
- It is the rural equivalent of the urban Koban and staffed
by a single officer.
- Chuzaishan – police offices of Chuzaisho
KIDOTAI (SPECIAL RIOT POLICE)

- These units were formed after riots at the Imperial Palace in

1952, to respond quickly and effectively to large public
disturbances.

o What is the official paramilitary anti-terrorist unit under the

Japanese National Agency? SAT (SPECIAL ASSAULT TEAM)
 CHINA

PEOPLE’S ARMED POLICE FORCE

- Under Ministry of Public Security

o Ministry of Public Security – principal

police authority of the mainland of the
People’s Republic of China which oversee the
day to day law enforcement

 Highest Rank: Commissioner General

 Lowest Rank: Constable 2nd Class
THAILAND
ROYAL THAI POLICE
- Formerly known as Thailand National
Police Department (TNPD).
- Headquarter is based in Bangkok
- Police in Thailand are commonly known as
the BIB (Boys in Brown) due to their
uniform.

 Highest Rank: Police-General (Phon

Tamruat Ek)
 Lowest Rank: Policeman/Constable (Phon
Tamruat)
BRUNEI
ROYAL BRUNEI POLICE FORCE
(Polis Diraja Brunei)
- Created in 1921 which is responsible for
keeping law and order and providing law
enforcement services throughout Brunei.
Founded in 1921 with the passing of the
Brunei Police Force Enactment.

 Highest Rank: Inspector-General of Police

 Lowest Rank: Lance Corporal
 AFGHANISTAN

AFGHANISTAN NATIONAL POLICE

- Under the department of Ministry of
the Interior

 Highest Rank: Police-General

 Lowest Rank: 2nd Patrolman
 ARMENIA

POLICE OF THE REPUBLIC OF

ARMENIA
- Under the Department of
Defense

 Highest Rank: Police Colonel

General
 Lowest Rank: Junior Sergeant
BANGLADESH
BANGLADESH POLICE
- Under the Ministry of Home Affairs

 HighestRank: Inspector-General of Police

 Lowest Rank: Constable
BHUTAN
ROYAL BHUTAN POLICE
- Under the Ministry of Home and
Cultural Arts

 Highest Rank: Gagpeon (Chief of

Police)
 Lowest Rank: Gagpa
CAMBODIA
CAMBODIAN POLICE FORCE
- Under the Ministry of Internal Affairs

 Highest Rank: Brigadier General

 Lowest Rank: Officer Cadet

CYPRUS
CYPRUS POLICE FORCE
- Under the Ministry of Justice

 Highest Rank: Chief of Police

 Lowest Rank: Constable
 GEORGIA

GEORGIAN NATIONAL POLICE

- Under the Department of Public
Safety

 Highest Rank: Commissioner of IRAQ

Police
 Lowest Rank: Constable
IRAQI POLICE SERVICE
- Under the Ministry of Interior

 Highest Rank: Chief of Police

 Lowest Rank: Patrolman
ISRAEL
ISRAELI POLICE FORCE
- Under the Ministry of Internal
Security

 Highest Rank: Commissioner

 Lowest Rank: Constable
KAZAKHSTA
N
NATIONAL POLICE OF
KAZAKHSTAN
- Under the National Security
Committee of Ministry of Internal
Affairs

 Highest Rank: Procurator General

NORTH KOREA
NATIONAL POLICE AGENCY
- Under the Ministry of Public Security

 Highest Rank: Daewon (Grand Marshall)

 Lowest Rank: Chonsa (Private)

SOUTH KOREA
NATIONAL POLICE AGENCY
- Under the Ministry of Gov’t.
Administration and Home Affairs

 Highest Rank: Commissioner General

 Lowest Rank: Police Officer
LAOS

LAOS NATIONAL POLICE

- Under the Ministry of Public
Security

 Highest Rank: General LEBANON

 Lowest Rank: Constable INTERNATIONAL SECURITY
FORCES
- Under the Ministry of interior

• Highest Rank: Director General

• Lowest Rank: Gendarme
MACAU
MACAU NATIONAL POLICE
- Under the Ministry of Internal Affairs

 Highest Rank: Superintendent

 Lowest Rank: Guard
MALDIVE
S
MALDIVES POLICE
- Under the National Security and
Defense Branch

• Highest Rank: Commissioner of Police

• Lowest Rank: Lance Constables
MONGOLIA
MONGOLIA PUBLIC SECURITY FORCE
- Under the Ministry of Justice and Home
Affairs

 Highest Rank: General

 Lowest Rank: Private
NEPAL
NEPAL POLICE FORCE
- Under the Ministry of Home
Affairs

 Highest Rank: Inspector General

 Lowest Rank: Constable
OMAN
ROYAL OMAN POLICE
- Under the Ministry of Interior

 Highest Rank: Lieutenant General

 Lowest Rank: Conscript
PAKIST
AN
PAKISTAN POLICE FORCE
- Under the Ministry of Interior

 Highest Rank: Inspector General

 Lowest Rank: Constable
RUSSIA
POLITSIYA
- Under the Ministry of Internal Affairs

 Highest Rank: Police Colonel

 Lowest Rank: Police Cadet
SRI
LANKA
SRI LANKA POLICE SERVICE
- Under the Defense Ministry

 Highest Rank: Inspector-General

of Police
 Lowest Rank: Police Constable
Class 4
DIFFERENT
GLOBAL
POLICE
ORGANIZATI
ON
 1981 (MANILA) – The first formal
meeting of the Chiefs of ASEAN Police
ASEANAP attended by 5 original member
countries: Malaysia, Singapore,

OL Thailand, Indonesia, and Philippines

(MSTIP)
(ASEAN Chiefs
of National FIVE OTHER MEMBERS:

Police) 1. Brunei
2. Cambodia
3. Laos
4. Vietnam
5. Myanmar
ORGANIZATION OF ASEANAPOL
1. ASEANAPOL PERMANENT SECRETARIAT
- Is on rotational basis with member countries taking turn to
host the ASEANAPOL conference and automatically assume the
role of the secretariat for the current year.

2. ASEANAPOL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

- Comprise of deputy heads of delegation attending the annual
ASEANAPOL conference. It provides a summary reports of
the activities of the Secretariat to the Head of the
Delegation.

Headed by Executive Director and assisted by 2 Directors.

 TENURE OF SERVICES
a. Executive Director – 2 years
o Current Ex. Dir. PBGEN. ZAW LIN TUN (MPF)

b. Directors – 2 to 3 years (one for Police Services and one for Plans and Programs)

 During the 29th ASEANAPOL Conference in Hanoi, Vietnam in 2009, the Terms of
Reference on the establishment of ASEANAPOL Secretariat was finally endorsed. Kuala
Lumpur was made the permanent seat.
 The ASEANAPOL Secretariat started its operation fully on January 1, 2010
 First Executive Director ACP MOHD NADZRI BIN ZAINAL ABIDIN (RMP) 2010 -
2011
 IACP The world’s oldest and largest non-
(Internationa profit membership organization of
l Association police executives, with over 20,000
members in over 80 different countries.
of Chiefs of IACP’s leadership consists of the operating
Police) chief executes of international federal,
state and local agencies of all sizes.

Headquarters: Alexandria, Virginia

 Formerly the European Police Office and
Europol Drugs Unit is the law
EUROPO enforcement agency of the European
Union (EU) formed in 1998 to handle

L criminal intelligence and combat

serious international organized
(European crime and terrorism through
cooperation between competent
Union Agency authorities of EU member states. The
for Law agency has no executive powers, and
Enforcement its officials are not entitled to arrest
suspects or act without prior
Cooperation approval from competent authorities in
the member states.
 - Is the world’s largest international
police organization, with 195 member
countries. It exists to help create a safer

INTERPOL world by supporting law enforcement

agencies worldwide to combat crime.
(Internationa - The organization of the law enforcement
agencies worldwide that serves as
l Criminal transmission or communication line
for the exchange of information,
Police data and request for assistance
Organization between and among the member
countries.
) - It focuses on: (1) Combat crimes and
transnational crimes; (2) Protect
minorities against the dominant
groups
INTERPOL’S LOGO
Globe – indicates worldwide
activity

Olive Branches – represent

peace

Scales – signify justice

Acronym OIPC and ICPO –

name of the organization in
both English and French
 INTERPOL’S STRUCTURE
1. GENERAL ASSEMBLY
- Is the supreme governing body of the Interpol, it meets
annually and comprises delegates appointed by each member
country. The assembly takes all important decisions related to
policy, resources, activities and programs.

2. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
- Consisting of 13 members elected by the General Assembly
and comprises the President, 3 Vice Presidents, and 9
Delegates covering the four regions.
- The President is elected for four years and Vice President and
Delegates for three.
3. GENERAL SECRETARIAT
- Current Secretary General: Jurgen Stock
- operates 24 hours a day, 365 days a year and is run by the
Secretary General.
- The body that coordinates all our policing and
administrative activities
- Works with Officials of more than 80 countries side-by-side using
four official languages: Spanish, Arabic, French, English
(SAFE). It consists of six (6) regional offices across the world
namely:
1. Argentina 4. Kenya
2. Cameron 5. El Salvador
3. Ivory Coast 6. Zimbabwe
4. NATIONAL CENTRAL BUREAU (NCB)
- Each INTERPOL member county maintains a National Central Bureau staffed by
national law enforcement officers. The NCB is the designated contact point for
the General Secretariat, regional offices and other member countries requiring
assistance with overseas investigations and the location and apprehension of fugitives.

 National Central Bureau – Manila

Chairman: Police General Philippine National Police
Members: Director, National Bureau of Investigation
Commissioner, Bureau of Customs
Commissioner, Bureau of Internal Revenue
Commissioner, Bureau of Immigration
Governor, Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas
Executive Director, Dangerous Drug Board
5. ADVISERS
- These are experts in a purely advisory capacity who may be
appointed by the Executive Committee and confirmed by the
General Assembly.

6. COMMISSION FOR THE CONTROL OF INTERPOL’ FILE (CCF)

- This is an independent body whose mandates are:
(a) to ensure that the processing of personal information by
INTERPOL complies with the Organization’s regulations.

(b) to advice INTERPOL on any project operation, set of rules or

other matter concerning the information contained in INTERPOL’s
files.
 INTERPOL’S NOTICE
Red Notice – a notice which is issued to seek the arrest or
provisional arrest of wanted persons with a view to extradition.

Blue Notice – this type of notice is issued in order to locate,

identify or obtain information on a person of interest in a
criminal investigation.
Green Notice – to warn about a person’s criminal activities if
that person is considered to be a possible threat to public safety.

Yellow Notice – to help locate missing persons, often minors,

or to help identify persons who are unable to identify themselves.
 INTERPOL’S NOTICE
INTERNATIONALCRIMINAL POLICE ORGANIZATION

Black Notice – a notice issued to seek information on unidentified

bodies.

Orange Notice – to warn of an event, a person, an object or a

process representing an imminent threat and danger to persons or
property.
Purple Notice – issued to provide information on modus operandi,
objects, devices and concealment methods used by criminals.

Special Notice – is issued for individuals and entities that are

subject to UN sanctions.
 PRESIDENT
INTERPOL’S First: Dr. Johannes Schober (1923 – 1932)
PERSONALITY First Filipino: Jolly Bugarin (1980 – 1984)
TO First Female: Mereille Ballestrazzi (2012
REMEMBER – 2016)

Current: MGEN. Ahmed Naser Al-Raisi

(2021)

SECRETARY GENERAL

First: Oskar Dressler (1923 – 1946)

Current: Jurgen Stock (2014 – present)

 - Coined by Winston Churchill and
Franklin D. Roosevelt in the
declaration by United Nation.
- Was first used in the Declaration by
UNITED United Nations of 1 January 1942,
during the Second World War.
NATION - U.N. was established on 24 October
1945 at its founding there were 51
S (UN) member states; there are 193
now.
- U.N. Headquarters is located at
Manhattan, New York City and
enjoys extraterritoriality.
U.N.’s LOGO
World Map – represent all
people around the world

Olive Branches –
symbolizes peace

White and Blue Color –

official color of UN
 - To keep peace throughout the world

- To develop friendly relations

between nations
THE AIMS
OF THE - To work together to help people live

UNITED better lives, to eliminate poverty,

NATIONS disease and illiteracy in the world,

to stop environmental destruction and
to encourage respect for each other’s
rights and freedoms.
 - English and French are the working
languages of the United Nations

LANGUAGE Secretariat. Fluency in English or

French is required, knowledge of
KNOWLEDGE additional official UN languages
(Spanish, Arabic, French,
English, Chinese, Russian) is an
advantage (SAFE-CR)
 1. GENERAL ASSEMBLY
- The General Assembly is the main deliberative organ of the
United Nations. It is composed of representatives from all
member states, each of which has one vote.

2. SECURITY COUNCIL
- Under the Charter, the Security Council has primary
SIX responsibilities for the maintenance of international
peace and security. It has 15 members, and each member
ORGANS OF has one vote. Under the Charter, all member States are
obligated to comply with Council decision.
THE UNITED
NATIONS
 15 Members of Security Council

Five Permanent Members: China, France, Russian

Federation, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

Ten Non-permanent Members - elected for two-year

terms by the General Assembly.
3. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COUNCIL

- A founding UN Charter body established in 1946, the Economic

and Social Council (ECOSOC) is the place where the world’s
economic, social and environmental challenges are discussed
and debated and policy recommendations issued.

4. TRUSTEESHIP COUNCIL

- It was established to provide international supervision for 11

Trust Territories and to make sure that adequate steps were
taken to prepare the Territories for self-government or
independence.
5. INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE (ICJ)

- The International Court of Justice is the principal judicial

organ of the United Nations. The Court is charged with
setting legal disputes between States and giving advisory
opinions to the United Nations and its specialized agencies.

- The ICJ is composed of 15 judges elected to nine-year

terms of office by the United Nations General Assembly and
the Security Council
6. SECRETARIAT

- The UN Secretariat, consisting of staff representing all

nationalities working in duty stations all over the world,
carries out the day to day work of the organization. The
Secretariat services the other principal organs of the United
Nations and administers the programs and policies
established by them.

Current Secretary General: Antonio Guterres

First Sec. Gen.: Trygve Halvdan (Feb. 1, 1948)

 PARTICIPATION OF PNP PERSONNEL IN UN
PEACEKEEPING MISSION

SECONDMENT

- The movement of an employee from department or agency to

another which is temporary in nature and which may or may not
require issuance of an appointment which may either involve reduction or
increase in compensation.
 AGE REQUIREMENT
- Must not be less than 25 years old or more than
53 years old upon actual deployment

UN Special
Action Team RANK REQUIREMENT
(UNSAT) - For Police
Captain)
Commissioned Officers: (Police

- For Police Non-Commissioned Officers: PO3

(PSSg.)
 SERVICE REQUIREMENT

- Minimum of 5 years of active police

service (excluding cadetship, officer
orientation/trainee course, and police basic
courses)
UN Special - Two special skills of PNP applicants
Action Team qualifying him for deployment to the UN
(UNSAT) peacekeeping missions: COMPUTER
LITERACY AND DRIVING SKILLS

- Under the priority list, PNP Personnel who

passed the UNSAT Examination BUT
WITHOUT PREVIOUS UN MISSION
deployment shall be 1st priority.
 PHYSICAL REQUIREMENT
- Passed the latest Physical Fitness
Test (PFT) conducted by the PNP
DHRDD, as well as medical, dental,
and neuropsychiatry examinations.
UNIT RECOMMENDATION
UN Special REQUIREMENT

Action Team - Must be recommended by Unit

Commanders (Command Group or
(UNSAT) Directors of their respective
Directorial Staff, National Support
Units, or Police Regional Offices)
TERM OF DEPLOYMENT
- All PNP personnel who are deployed
as part of the UN Peacekeeping Mission
shall have one (1) year tenure,
extendable to 6 months.
 - Headquarters: Brussels Belgium

- April 4, 1949 – Washington, D.C., United

THE NORTH States
ATLANTIC - Also known as The North Atlantic Alliance

TREATY was founded in the aftermath of the

ORGANIZATIO Second World War. Its purpose was to

secure peace in Europe, to promote
N cooperation among its members and

(NATO) to guard their freedom – all of this in the

context of countering the threat posed at
the time by the Soviet Union.
The heart of NATO is expressed in Article 5 of the North Atlantic Treaty, in
which the signatory members agree that:

PRINCIPLE OF COLLECTIVE DEFENSE

Art. 5: an armed attack against one or more of them in Europe or North

America shall be considered an attack against them all; and consequently
they agree that, if such an armed attack occurs, each of them, in exercise of
the right of individual or collective self-defense recognized by Article 51 of
the Charter of the United Nations, will assist the Party or Parties so attacked by
taking forthwith, individually and in concert with the other Parties, such action
as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and
maintain the security of the North Atlantic area.
THE
END!