Project Proposal
Writing,
Research Report,
& Action Plan
GROUP 4
PURPOSE WRITING IN THE A proposal may be a simple letter suggesting the
addition of a new microwave to the lunchroom or
DISCIPLINES AND FOR a complex report recommending establishment of
PROFESSIONS a day-care center.
Writing Guidelines
Project Proposal
At the end of the lesson, the students are Prewriting
expected to:
• Consider your audience by thinking about who
1. Discuss the importance of a project proposal. will receive your proposal and what you want that
2. Understand the guidelines in writing a project person to understand.
proposal.
3. Write a project proposal applying the • Determine your purpose and write down what
guidelines. you want your proposal to accomplish. What
A written message becomes a record of important action are you proposing?
details for both the writer and the recipient in the
workplace. People write proposals to fi x problems, • Gather details based on what your reader needs
address specifi c needs, or make improvements. to know in order to make decision. Gather
necessary supporting information.
Writing Ending: Summarize what actions need to be
taken next or what recommendations you are
• Prepare a heading that includes the following
making.
information:
Date: The month, day, and year Revising
To: The reader's name • Improve your writing. Ask yourself these
questions related to ideas, organization, voice,
From: Your fi rst and last name
word choice, and sentence fl uency:
- Is my proposal clear and logical?
Subject: A concise summary of the proposal - Is my purpose obvious?
- Have I provided suffi cient information and detail
• Organize the body into three parts: to convince the reader that action is needed?
Beginning: State what you are proposing
- Do I have an eff ective beginning, middle, and
ending?
Middle: Provide details such as fi nancial costs
- Do I provide information to support my
and other required resources. Write out key points
recommendations?
and information supporting them. Show how the
- Have I used a positive, persuasive tone?
action will benefi t the organization.
- Have I explained any unfamiliar terms?
- Does my proposal read smoothly?
Research Report
Editing
A research report communicates ideas which
• Check for conventions. Be sure punctuation, are easily understood and used by the
grammar, and mechanics are correct. readers." According to Good and Scates,
(1954) the major considerations are the ideas,
• Prepare a fi nal copy. Proofread the fi nal copy of the evidence from the data, and the insight
your proposal. where the ideas and the evidence are
explained or interpreted...
In composing the material for the research
• Why is a Project Proposal Important?
report, the researcher follows the following
- The purpose of a project proposal is to guidelines:
describe services and outcomes from a Pre Writing
potential service provider so decision-makers • Choose a subject. List artworks, artists,
can compare vendors and pick the best musical trends, or other ideas that interest
provider for their needs. It should be you.
considered a sales document that persuades
the decision-maker or stakeholder that the • List what you already know about the
prospective provider has the skills and subject, jotting down questions that you have.
expertise needed to complete the project to
their satisfaction. It should also set • Conduct research about the subject. Check
expectations, detail budget and timeline, as school or public library catalogs or books. Look
well as set expectations for what delivery through magazines, and explore Web sites.
would look like.
• Write a thesis statement. Review your research
notes. Then write a thesis statement that clearly
identifi es the specifi c topic and focus for your
research paper.
Revising
• Plan and organize. Outline your paper, putting • Improve your writing. Check your ideas,
details in the most appropriate order-for organization, and voice. Ask these questions:
example, you may put key points in spatial Have I created a clear thesis? Have I supported
order, or chronological order. it with a variety of details? Are my details in the
best order? Do I sound knowledgeable?
Writing
• Improve your style. Check your word choice
• Connect your ideas. Introduce your topic, give and sentence fl uency. Ask these questions: Have
background information, and state your thesis. I explained any technical terms? Do my
sentences fl ow smoothly?
• In the middle of your paragraphs, support the
thesis statement with specifi c details. Finally,
summarize what you have learned or what you
have to say about the topic.
Editing
The first is for the purpose of elaborating on or
• Check for conventions. Look for errors in
amplifying certain points in the text; the second, is
spelling, punctuation, and grammar.
for citing names of authors and titles of
publications. Both types of footnotes serve four
• Prepare your final copy. Proofread your research
purposes, according to Campbell (1969, 28):
paper before turning over it in.
Proper Documentation 1. to amplify the ideas or information beyond the
point deemed sufficient for the test;
As mark of intellectual honesty and for validation
purpose, the researcher must acknowledge 2. to establish the validity of evidence;
sources and materials gathered. This is done
through documentation, which, as defined by 3. to acknowledge indebtedness; and
Good (1954, 129), is the process of citing
illustrative or supporting reference for statements 4. to provide cross-reference to various parts of
made, usually through footnotes as content and the research report.
reference.
Bibliography Bibliography has 3 parts:
Part 1: Composed of books and pamphlets.
• Gardner and Cordasco defi ne
bibliography as "a list of books in some
Part 2: It includes the magazines and
way Pertinent to the research which has
newspaper articles.
been done," and that is, "should contain all
those works which the writer has
Part 3: Unpublished theses or
consulted, whether he obtained any useful
dissertations.
information from them or not".
• Bibliographic entries should contain the
• The following are rules to observe in
following facts about the reference
preparing the bibliography:
(Campbell, page 43)
1. The last name of the author is listed a. The author's last name fi rst.
fi rst and arranged in alphabetical order.
b. Place where the book was published, the
2. Each entry is fl ushed to the left margin publisher, and the date when the book was
of the page, and the next lines are published.
singlespaced and indented fi ve spaces
from the left margin. c. The volumes, Edition, Page number.
3. A single space separates entries.
How to write an action plan in 4 easy
steps
These are rules in presenting the While action plans may differ in terms of tasks
footnote: and timelines, they generally conform to the
1. Observe regular indention.
following steps:
2. First name first. 1. Create a list of actions
3. Place 1 bottom of the page with superscript. - Create a list of tasks you need to complete to
reach your goal. This process entails dividing
4. Author, Title (Place of publication: Publisher, your main goal into smaller objectives. By
date of publication). doing so, you can make the final goal seem
less overwhelming and you can move forward
5. P. 23 (specific page location of reference) in an organized manner. If necessary, you may
need to break down some complex objectives
into multiple tasks.
Writing an Action 2. Set a timeline
Plan
An action plan is a paper that lists the steps to - Besides setting a deadline for your main goal,
be taken to achieve a specific goal. It is to you should also establish a timeframe for
clarify the resources required to reach the goal, completing each task. It's essential to create a
formulate timeline for when specific tasks need timeline you can reasonably follow so you can
to be completed. Because it is a "heroic" act, it maintain consistent progress toward your goal.
helps us turn our dreams into a reality. Assess the requirements and consider the
amount of time you need to complete each
item on your list.
3. Designate resources
- If you are managing a large project, you will
likely be assigning tasks to a number of people.
Assess the skills and abilities of your team to
determine which of them are best qualified to Why is an action plan
perform each task. Then, write down the useful?
resources needed to complete each task, such - An action plan is useful for a wide range of
as money, equipment and personnel. reasons, from employees who want to improve
their work performance to project managers
4. Monitor your progress assigning tasks to team members. It can help
you identify a plan to reach your goal, as well
- Finally, describe how you will ensure each as make it easier to stay motivated and
task in your action plan is completed on time, monitor your progress. It might even help you
such as using internal reporting or holding stay on budget. If collaborating with others,
regular meetings. By doing so, you will have a you can also use an action plan to outline
better idea of the progress you are making specific job tasks for each team member.
towards your goal. Specify the measures you
will be using to monitor the plan’s progress,
which can be milestones like the number of
tasks completed, or quantitative measures,
such as sales or market share.
Thank you
very
much!
GROUP 4
