CONTROLLED DRUG DELIVERY SYS
Controlled drug delivery technologies have emerged as a
vital offshoot of Biomaterials Science, enabling sustained
release of therapeutic agents over extended periods in the
body. These systems enhance therapeutic efficacy with lower
drug doses, reducing unwanted side effects and promoting
better patient compliance.
This presentation explores various controlled release
systems triggered by different stimuli including pH and heat
sensitivity. We'll examine how tunable polymeric materials
can be designed for controlled release systems, particularly
in the emerging field of regenerative medicine.
ES
oleh Eli Ernawati, S.Pd
Evolution of Biomaterials Science
3000 BC
Earliest report of a surgical suture in ancient Egypt
1829
HS Levert performed studies to assess responses to
implanted metals in living dogs
20th Century
Tremendous growth in biomaterials science and controlled drug
Present Day
Advanced responsive biomaterials for targeted therapeutic deli
What is a Biomaterial?
Definition Function in Drug Delivery
A natural or synthetic Can be fabricated into
material (such as a constructs loaded with
metal or polymer) therapeutic agents to
suitable for introduction enable sustained release
into living tissue, over extended periods in
especially as part of a the body.
medical device.
Responsive Design
Can be designed to be responsive to different stimuli
(pH, temperature, etc.) for controlled release of
therapeutic agents.
Benefits of Controlled Drug Delivery
Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy
Targeted delivery to specific tissues or organs increases drug
effectiveness at the site of action.
Reduced Side Effects
Lower doses and targeted delivery minimize unwanted effects in non-target tissues.
Sustained Release
Controlled release over time maintains therapeutic drug levels
and reduces dosing frequency.
Improved Patient Compliance
Less frequent dosing and reduced side effects lead to better
adherence to treatment regimens.
Approaches to Controlled Drug Delivery
Targeted Delivery
1 Site-specific drug release
Temporal Control
Predictable release over time
Protective Encapsulation
3 Shielding drugs from degradation
Biomaterial Matrices
4 Foundation for controlled release
Role of Biomaterials in Drug Delivery
Direct Therapeutic Response Tissue Regeneration
Biomaterials can directly deliver therapeutic In regenerative medicine, biomaterials serve as
agents to target tissues, providing localized scaffolds that not only provide structural support
treatment with minimal systemic exposure. but also deliver growth factors and other bioactive
molecules.
These materials can be engineered to respond to The controlled release of these factors can guide
specific physiological conditions, releasing drugs tissue formation and promote healing in a
only when needed. temporally and spatially controlled manner.
Hydrogels in Drug Delivery
High Water Content Tunable Properties Stimuli Responsive Injectable Forms
Resembles Adjustable Can respond to Can be delivered
natural tissues mechanical pH, temperature, minimally
and provides strength and or other triggers invasively
biocompatibility degradation rate
Alginates in Drug Delivery
Natural Source Biocompatibility
2
Derived from brown seaweed Well-tolerated in biological systems
Chemical Modification Gelation Properties
Easily modified for enhanced functionality 4 Forms hydrogels with divalent cations
Chemical Structure of Alginates
Alginates are composed of linked β-D-mannuronic acid (M)
and α-L-guluronic acid (G) monosaccharides. The M/G ratio
depends on the source and can contain M-blocks, G-blocks,
and M-G blocks interspersed with M-G disaccharide linkages.
Alginates isolated from algae are typically polydisperse with
molecular weights of 100,000–1,000,000 g/mol, representing
500–5,000 residues per chain. Most of the covalent bond
forming chemistry occurs at the C-5 carboxylic acid
functional group or at the C-2/C-3 hydroxyl functional
groups.
Common Chemical Reactions of Algin
Hydroxyl Modification
Acetylation, phosphorylation, and sulfation of C-2/C-3 hydro
Carboxylic Acid Modification
Carbodiimide mediated coupling with amines to form amide
Crosslinking Reactions
Formation of ether or amide linkages between alginate chai
Ligand Addition
Attachment of drugs or bioactive molecules to the alginate b
