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Lesson 4.2 Resisteance and Resistivity

The document covers concepts of resistance, resistivity, and Ohm's Law, detailing how materials conduct current and the factors affecting resistance such as temperature, length, and cross-sectional area. It distinguishes between ohmic and non-ohmic materials based on their I-V characteristics and provides examples of calculations related to resistance. Additionally, it explains the effects of temperature on resistance and includes practical questions for application.

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etoco325
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6 views

Lesson 4.2 Resisteance and Resistivity

The document covers concepts of resistance, resistivity, and Ohm's Law, detailing how materials conduct current and the factors affecting resistance such as temperature, length, and cross-sectional area. It distinguishes between ohmic and non-ohmic materials based on their I-V characteristics and provides examples of calculations related to resistance. Additionally, it explains the effects of temperature on resistance and includes practical questions for application.

Uploaded by

etoco325
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Resistance, Resistivity and Ohm’s

Law
Lesson 4.2 I 4th Quarter I General
Physics 2
OBJECTIVES
1. describe the ability of a material to conduct current in terms of
the resistivity and conductivity of the material,
2. describe the effect of temperature increase on the resistance
of a metallic conductor,
3. apply the relationship of the proportionality between
resistance and the length and cross-sectional area of a wire to
solve problems, and
4. differentiate ohmic and non-ohmic materials in terms of their I-
V curves
Describe the picture as shown
OHM’S LAW
A German school teacher named Georg Simon Ohm
found the relationship between current (I) ,
voltage (V), and resistance (R)

Equation: V = I x R
OHM’S LAW
RESISTANCE
The resistance of a material is the ratio of the potential drop across the material
to the current flowing through it.
R = V/I

The unit of resistance is the ohm (Ω)

A resistor restricts the flow of electric Resistor symbol


current, made up of nichrome wire.
QUESTIONS
Calculate the amount of current (I) in a circuit, voltage (V) and
resistance (R) in the following given values.

Given: E = 36V , R = 3 Ω Given: V = 36V, I = 4A Given: R = 7 Ω, I = 2A


Which one has greater resistance?

B
RESISTANCE &
RESISTIVITY
QUESTIONS
1. A copper wire is 0.60 m long and has a diameter of 0.10
cm. What is the resistance of the wire?

2. What should be the length and cross-sectional area of a


wire for it to have a resistance of 8 Ω from a 5-cm 3 metal that
has a resistivity of 9 × 10-8 Ω-m?
ANSWER
1) A copper wire is 0.60 m long and has a diameter of 0.10 cm. What is the
resistance of the wire?

Given: L = 0.60 m
d = 0.10 cm = 0.05 cm
0.05 cm = 5 x 10-4 m
ρ = 1. 7 x 10 -8 Ω.m

Asked: R
ANSWER
2. What should be the length and cross-sectional area of a wire for it to have a
resistance of 8 Ω from a 5 cm3 metal that has a resistivity of 9 × 10-8 Ω-m?
FACTORS THAT AFFECT
RESISTANCE
1. Type of material - good conductors have low resistance. Example: copper

2. Cross-Sectional Area of the wire - Smaller diameter wires have greater


resistance. Thick wires have less resistance than thin wires.

3. Length of the conductor - Longer wires have more resistance than short
wires.

4. Temperature - Electrical resistance also depends on temperature. Heating a


wire increases its resistance.
HIGHER TEMPERATURE = MORE resistance
FACTORS THAT AFFECT
RESISTANCE
FACTORS THAT AFFECT
RESISTANCE
Factors Effects on Effect on
Resistance current Flow
Example: Length of the Longer Increase Decrease
conductor Shorter decrease Increase
Temperature Higher Increase decrease
Lower decrease Increase
Cross-Sectional Area of Lower Increase decrease
the conductor Higher decrease increase
Electrical Conductivity Increase decrease increase
Electrical Resistivity Increase increase decrease
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON
RESISTANCE

Where:
ρ = ρo (1 + α∆T) ρo - reference resistivity at T0 usually at 20°
C or 0° C
ρ = Resistivity change
α “alpha” - temperature coefficient of
resistance.
∆T - temperature change
EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON
RESISTANCE
For a conductor of uniform cross section, the variation of resistance with temperature
is given by R = Ro (1 + α∆T) .

R = Ro (1 + α∆T) Where:
Ro - reference resistance at T0 usually at
20° C or 0° C
R = Resistance change
α “alpha” - temperature coefficient of
resistance.
∆T - temperature change
EXAMPLE
A carbon resistor has a resistance of 16 Ω at a temperature of 20 °C. What is the
resistance if it is heated up to a temperature of 100 °C ?

Given: Ro = 16 Ω Asked: R
To = 20 °C Formula: R = Ro (1 + α∆T)
T = 100 °C Solution: R = Ro (1 + α∆T)
α = - 0. 0005 = 16 Ω ( 1 + - 0. 0005 C0-1 ) ( 100 °C - 20 °C )
= 15. 36 Ω
Answer: 15 Ω
TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT OF
RESISTANCE
OHMIC VS NON- OHMIC MATERIALS
OHMIC NON- OHMIC
Ohmic conductors are the type of conductors Non-ohmic conductors are conductors that do
that work on the principle of ohm’s law. not follow ohm’s law.
For a varying current and voltage, the The resistance of the non ohmic conductor
resistance of the ohmic-conductors remains varies on changing current, voltage, and
constant. temperature.
The relationship between current and voltage The relationship between current and voltage
is linear. is not linear.
Examples of ohmic conductors are metals Examples of non-ohmic conductors are
and resistors. diodes and semiconductors.
For ohmic conductors the resistance always For non-ohmic conductors the resistance
remains constant. increases with an increase in temperature.
OHMIC VS NON- OHMIC MATERIALS
OHMIC MATERIALS

COPPER WIRE METALS


NON - OHMIC MATERIALS

DIODES TRANSISTOR

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