Scribd
Upload
3 views

Digestive System

The document outlines the main stages of food processing in the digestive system, including ingestion, digestion, absorption, and egestion. It describes the roles of various organs such as the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and accessory organs like the liver, gall bladder, and pancreas in breaking down food and absorbing nutrients. Additionally, it highlights the types of digestion (mechanical and chemical) and the end products of digestion.

Uploaded by

etoco325
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views

Digestive System

The document outlines the main stages of food processing in the digestive system, including ingestion, digestion, absorption, and egestion. It describes the roles of various organs such as the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and accessory organs like the liver, gall bladder, and pancreas in breaking down food and absorbing nutrients. Additionally, it highlights the types of digestion (mechanical and chemical) and the end products of digestion.

Uploaded by

etoco325
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 36

1

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM


MAIN STAGES OF FOOD PROCESSING
A. Ingestion: Food taken into
mouth
B. Digestion: Food broken
down by teeth and digestive
enzymes
Types of Digestion
•Mechanical (physical)
Chew, Tear, Grind, Mash, Mix
•Chemical
•Enzymatic reactions to improve
digestion of Carbohydrates, Proteins,
Lipids
C. Absorption: into
bloodstream
D. Egestion: Undigested
material egested through
anus
DIGESTION
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ORGANIZATION

•Gastrointestinal
(Gl) tract
•Tube within a
tube
•Direct link/path
between organs
7
MOUTH
8

Digestion actually begins in the mouth.


The teeth mechanically break the food
into smaller pieces, and the tongue
moves the pieces around so that saliva
(contains amylase, which helps break
down starch) can be mixed with them.
MOUTH
Epiglottis is a flap-like structure
at the back of the throat that
closes over the trachea
preventing food from entering it.
It is located in the Pharynx.
TEETH
Canines

• Four types of teeth:


1.Incisors Incisors

2.Canines
3.Pre – Molars
4.Molars
Premolar

Molar
Biting and Grasping
Cutting and Tearing

Incisor Canine

Grinding Grinding
and and
Crushing Crushing

Molar
Pre - Molar
THE PARTS OF THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
ESOPHAGUS
13

• About 10” long


• Moves food from the
throat to the stomach.
• The muscle movement is
called peristalsis.
• Heartburn is when acid
from the stomach gets in
here.
PERISTALSIS
Alternate waves of muscular
contraction and relaxation in the
primary digestive organs. The
end result is to squeeze food from
one part of the system to the next.
ESOPHAGUS
•Function: to take food from mouth to
stomach by muscular action called
peristalsis
= Food particle
esophagus
STOMACH 16

• J-shaped muscular bag that


stores the food you eat, breaks
it down into tiny pieces.
• Mixes food with Digestive
Juices that contain enzymes to
break down Proteins and
Lipids.
Lipids
•Hydrochloric acid
(HCl) in the stomach
Kills Bacteria.
•Food found in the
stomach is called
Chyme.
SMALL INTESTINE 18

Small intestines are


roughly 7 meters
long. “Small” refers
to its diameter, not
its length.
•Nutrients from the food pass into
the bloodstream through the
small intestine walls.
•You can have pieces removed but
it is very hard for your body to get
the right nutrients.
SMALL INTESTINE
Lining of intestine
walls has finger-like
projections called
villi, to increase
surface area.
•The villi are covered with
microvilli which further increases
surface area for absorption.
SMALL INTESTINE 22

•Nutrients from the


food pass into the
bloodstream
through the small
intestine walls.
SMALL INTESTINE
•Absorbs:
80% ingested water, vitamins,
minerals, carbohydrates, proteins,
lipids
•Secretes digestive enzymes
SMALL INTESTINE
•Complete digestion
of food
•Absorb digested
food into
bloodstream
LARGE INTESTINE
•About 1.5 meters long
•Accepts what small
intestines don’t absorb
•Rectum (short term
storage which holds
feces before it is
expelled).
LARGE INTESTINE
LARGE INTESTINE

Absorbs water
from the waste
food, solidifying
the feces
ACCESSORY ORGANS
•Not part of the
path of food, but
play a critical role.
•Include: Liver, gall
bladder, and
pancreas
LIVER
•Is often called the body’s
energy factory.
•Drinking alcohol damages
the liver.
LIVER 30

•Directly affects
digestion by
producing bile
•Bile helps digest fat
• filters out toxins and
waste including drugs
and alcohol and poisons.
LIVER
•Function of bile
• to dissolve fats
•neutralise acid
from the stomach
GALL BLADDER

•Stores bile from the


liver, releases it into
the small intestine.
•Fatty diets can
cause gallstones
PANCREAS
•Produces digestive
enzymes to digest fats,
carbohydrates and proteins
•Regulates blood sugar by
producing insulin
PANCREAS
35
END PRODUCTS OF DIGESTION

•Carbohydrate •Simple sugars

•Amino acids
•Protein
•Fatty acids and
•Fats glycerol

You might also like