SOFTWAR

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Systems and Aplicantion
Class: 10 B&C
Date: 11th October & 17th
 SYSTEMS SOFTWARE

• System software is a
type of computer
program that is
designed to run a
computer’s hardware
and application
programs.
WHY SYSTEMS SOFTWARE
IS IMPORTANT ?

• Written in a low-level
computer language. System
software must be written in
a computer language the
central processing unit
(CPU) and other computer
hardware can read.
• Close to the system. It connects
directly to the hardware that
enables the computer to run.
• Hard to manipulate. It often
requires the use of a
programming language, which is
more difficult to use than a more
intuitive user interface (UI).
• High speed. System
software must be as
efficient as possible
to provide an
effective platform for
higher-level software
in the computer
system.
• Versatile. System software must communicate
with both the specialized hardware it runs on
and the higher-level application software that is
usually hardware-agnostic and often has no
direct connection to the hardware it runs on.
System software also must support other
programs that depend on it as they evolve and
change.
 TYPES OF SYSTEM
SOFTWARE
• The BIOS (basic input/output system)
gets the computer system started after
it’s turned on and manages the data flow
between the OS and attached devices,
such as the hard drive, video adapter,
keyboard, mouse and printer.

• The boot program loads the OS into the

computer’s main memory or random
access memory (RAM).
 TYPES OF SYSTEM
SOFTWARE

• An assembler takes basic computer instructions

and converts them into a pattern of bits that the
computer’s processor can use to perform its basic
operations.

• A device driver controls a particular type of device

that is attached to your computer, such as a
keyboard or mouse. The driver program converts
the more general I/O instructions of the OS to
messages that the device type can understand.
 TYPES OF SYSTEM
SOFTWARE

• Additionally, system software can also

include system utilities, such as the disk
defragmenter and System Restore, and
development tools, such as compilers and
debuggers.
 OPERATING SYSTEMS

• The OS is the portion of your systems

software that you interact with the most
through your graphical user interface
(GUI) or other interfaces like command
line interfaces
 O.S.

• The main responsibility of the operating system

is to manage a computer’s software and
hardware resources. It is the computer’s main
control program. The OS controls and maintains
a record of all other programs on the computer,
including both application and system software.
The OS creates an environment that all other
computer programs run within and provides
service to those other applications.
 MAIN FUNCTIONS OF OS
• File management and process scheduling. The OS allocates
resources and prioritizes which programs should receive
the resources and in what order. For example, a digital
audio workstation application may require a certain level of
processing power when being used. The OS decides how
much power the application gets from the CPU and
manages the effects of that allocation on other
applications. If a more critical process is happening
elsewhere on the computer, the OS might sacrifice some of
the power the digital audio workstation has requested, for
example, to ensure the other process can be completed
 O.S.
• Processor and memory
management. The OS allocates
the computer’s memory to a
process when needed and
deallocates it when the process is
finished.Error detection. The OS
detects, tracks and debugs errors
in the computer’s other programs.
 OS
• Control and management. The OS uses
compilers, assemblers and interpreters to
control and manage other programs on
the computer. These language processers
are pieces of system software that
translate the high-level languages – Java,
Python and C++ -- that many computer
programs are written in into low-level
machine code instructions, which is
essentially a series of 1s and 0s that the
computer’s CPU can read.
 OS

• Security. The OS uses

passwords to protect the
computer’s programs and
data from unauthorized
access.
 DEVICE
DRIVERS

• A driver is a
software component
that lets the
operating system
and a device
communicate with
each other.
 EXAMPLE OF DRIVER
USE

• For example, suppose an application needs to read

some data from a device. The application calls a
function implemented by the operating system, and
the operating system calls a function implemented
by the driver. The driver, which was written by the
same company that designed and manufactured
the device, knows how to communicate with the
device hardware to get the data.
 FIRMWARE

• Firmware is a microcode or program

that is embedded into the memory of
hardware devices to help them
operate. It enables hardware like
cameras, mobile phones, network
cards, optical drives, printers, routers,
scanners, and television remotes to
function smoothly.
 WHAT DOES
FIRMWARE DO ?
• Firmware provides
instructions that help
hardware to start up,
communicate with
devices, and perform
basic tasks.
 WHAT IS
CONSIDERED
FIRMWARE ?
• A program that informs a
device's processor how to begin
the startup process is considered
firmware. Computers, mobile
phones, and tablets rely on
firmware like Basic Input/Output
System (BIOS) and Extensible
Firmware Interface (EFI) to load
their operating systems.
 LANGUAGE
TRANSLATORS

• Computer programs are generally written in

high-level languages (like C++, Python, and
Java). A language processor, or language
translator, is a computer program that convert
source code from one programming language to
another language or human readable language.
They also find errors during translation.
 COMPILERS

• The language processor that reads the

complete source program written in high-
level language as a whole in one go and
translates it into an equivalent program
in machine language is called a Compiler.
Example: C, C++, C#.
 COMPILERS
• In a compiler, the source code is translated
to object code successfully if it is free of
errors. The compiler specifies the errors at
the end of the compilation with line
numbers when there are any errors in the
source code. The errors must be removed
before the compiler can successfully
recompile the source code again the object
program can be executed number of times
without translating it again .
 ASSEMBLER

• The Assembler is used to translate the

program written in Assembly language
into machine code. The source program is
an input of an assembler that contains
assembly language instructions.
 ASSEMBLER

• We need an assembler to fill the gap between human

and machine so that they can communicate with each
other. Code written in assembly language is some sort
of mnemonics(instructions) like ADD, MUL, MUX, SUB,
DIV, MOV and so on. And the assembler is basically
able to convert these mnemonics in binary code.
Here, these mnemonics also depend upon the
architecture of the machine. For example, the
architecture of intel 8085 and intel 8086 are different.
 Utilities – Utility software functions to configure,
maintain, and offer support in the analysis
and optimization of the computer.
Utilities are the programs that support the smooth
functioning of a computer. Software utilities are
specially designed to help the end-users, manage

Utilities
and tune the computer
software/hardware and perform a single task at a
time.
The utilities that we use, depending on the
operating system running on our computer. Some
utilities help you to avoid virus attacks or clean
viruses, some help you to backup data, some
help to recover data that has been accidentally
erased, and so on.
 DEPENDING ON SPECIALTY AREA AND TASK, THERE ARE MANY
TYPES OF UTILITY SOFTWARE. SOME OF
THE MOST IMPORTANT UTILITY PROGRAM GROUPS ARE THE
FOLLOWING:-

File compression programs:- Helps to optimize hard disk, memory, CPU and repair problems
PC storage space and transfer
time by reducing the files size.
Backup and recovery programs:- Making a
Security Programs:- Programs included in this backup of your important files and
group are Anti-virus, anti
documents is critical. If something goes wrong
spyware, firewalls, and more. The programs with your PC, you can easily
secure your PC and resources from
recover from the backup media.
authorized access, file damage and theft
Downloading programs:- Allows to download
Disk cleanup tools:- Disk cleanup includes
files from internet quickly and
removing unnecessary programs,
safely
cleaning registry database, deleting
Disk management programs:- Scans and temporary internet, installation files, etc.
diagnose the health of your system,
 Students will be able to:
- distinguish between

APPLICATIONS systems programs and

application programs.

SOFTWARE - distinguish
among Multitasking,
multiprocessing, and
multiprogramming
 WHAT IS APPLICATION
SOFTWARE ?
Application software or application programs are end-user programs that serve
specific functionality to help users accomplish certain tasks. This includes graphic
designing, researching online, drafting documents, watching movies or playing
games, and managing finance among others.
Developers keep creating software
applications based on the evolving needs of users.
Application software is a type of computer program that is designed to help users
perform specific tasks. It is also be referred with the terms “application” or “app”
which can be easily installed on a computer, mobile device, or other digital device.
 TYPES OF APPLICATION
SOFTWARE
1. General Application Software (off-the-shelf software)

General application software is software that is specifically

designed to handle general tasks such as creating documents,
designing presentations, and managing data. The prime role of
these general applications is to perform only general duties
that a user needs to perform on the system on a daily basis.
 2. CUSTOM- WRITTEN
APPLICATION SOFTWARE

• Custom application software is a type of software that is designed

specifically for a particular organization or user. It is tailored to

meet the specific needs and requirements of the organization or

individual, unlike general application software that is designed for a

wide range of users.

 3. SPECIAL-PURPOSE SOFTWARE

Special-purpose software is designed to handle particularly specific tasks.

For example respirator in the hospital, computers in making a car, payroll,

employee scheduling tools, and accounting and finance tools

 CUSTOM/BESPOKE SOFTWARE
• Customized software (also known as bespoke
software or tailor-made software) is software that
is developed specifically for some specific
organization or other user. When companies use
Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), they
can customize standard applications to fit their
needs and make them look unique. This step lets
them make their business applications stand out
while maximizing existing software.
 ACTIVITY
• List examples of Application Software from each general-purpose
category
• On your computer list your OS, at least 3 utilities and 3 drivers