Networking Basics
Welcome to this presentation on networking basics. We will explore
key concepts and components that form the backbone of modern
communication and data exchange.
by Jithendar Golada
1. Introduction to Networking
2. IP Address
3. Subnet
4. Gateway
5. LAN Communication
6. WAN Communication
7. Difference Between Hub, Switch, and Router
8. Conclusion
9. Q&A
Introduction to Networking
Connecting Devices Network Types
Networking allows multiple devices to share resources, Networks are categorized based on their size and scope:
such as files, printers, and internet access. It's the
• Local Area Network (LAN): Covers a small area like
foundation of modern communication and
an office or home.
collaboration.
• Wide Area Network (WAN): Connects LANs over
large distances, like the internet.
Introduction to Networking
Connecting Devices Network Types
Networking allows multiple devices to share resources, Networks are categorized based on their size and scope:
such as files, printers, and internet access. It's the
• Local Area Network (LAN): Covers a small area like
foundation of modern communication and
an office or home.
collaboration.
• Wide Area Network (WAN): Connects LANs over
large distances, like the internet.
What is an IP Address?
Unique Identifier IPv4 and IPv6 Communication Enabler
An IP address is a unique There are two main types of IP IP addresses allow devices to
numerical label assigned to each addresses: communicate and route data
device on a network. It's like a • packets across networks.
IPv4: Uses 32 bits, such as
postal address for data packets.
192.168.1.1.
• IPv6: Uses 128 bits, such as
2001:db8::1.
What is a Subnet?
Network Segmentation Traffic Management
A subnet is a logical division of a Subnets help reduce traffic
larger IP network, creating congestion by isolating network
smaller, more manageable traffic within specific segments.
segments.
Enhanced Security Subnet Mask
Subnets improve security by A subnet mask defines which
isolating sensitive data and part of an IP address represents
controlling network access. the network and which part
represents the host. For
example, 255.255.255.0.
What is a Gateway?
Connecting Networks External
Communication
A gateway acts as a bridge
between a local network Gateways allow devices on
(LAN) and external a LAN to communicate
networks, such as the with systems outside the
internet. network.
Router Example
Routers are commonly used as gateways, connecting LANs to
the internet.
LAN Communication
1 Local Network
A LAN covers a small geographic area, like a building or home.
2 Switches and MAC Addresses
Devices on a LAN communicate through switches using MAC
addresses, which are unique identifiers for each device's
network interface card.
3 Wired and Wireless
LAN connections can be wired (Ethernet) or wireless (Wi-Fi).
4 Data Packet Routing
Data packets are sent through switches to the intended
recipient based on their MAC addresses.
WAN Communication
Global Connectivity
A WAN connects multiple LANs across large distances,
such as the internet.
Essential Components
WANs rely on routers, modems, and leased lines to
facilitate communication.
Data Transmission
Data travels between LANs through public or leased
networks.
Difference Between Hub,
Switch, and Router
Device Function Use Case
Hub Broadcasts data Basic
to all connected communication,
devices. no filtering.
Switch Forwards data to Used in modern
the correct device LANs for
based on MAC efficiency.
address.
Router Connects Provides internet
different networks access and links
(e.g., LAN to networks.
WAN).
Conclusion
1 Networking Essentials
2 IP Addresses
3 Subnets
4 Gateways
5 LANs and WANs
Understanding networking concepts like IP addresses, subnets, and gateways is crucial for effective communication
and data exchange.
Devices like switches and routers play essential roles in network management and connectivity.
Q&A
Let's open the floor for any questions you may have about the
topics discussed in this presentation.
