BIOCHEMISTRY ELECTIVE
BIOMEDICAL
WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Presented by
NEHA DAS (48)
RAM NARAYAN DAS (60)
BIOMEDICAL WASTE
According to Bio medical waste rule
1998, Bio Medical Waste means any
waste which is generated during
diagnosis , treatment or immunization of
human beings or animals or in research
activities pertaining thereto or in the
production or testing of biologicals .
SOURCES OF HEALTHCARE
WASTE
The institutions involved in generation of
biomedical waste are :
Government Hospitals
Private Hospitals
Nursing homes
Primary health centres
Blood bank and collection centre
Laboratories
Research organisations
Vaccinating centre
Biotechnology institutes
IMPORTANCE OF BIOMEDICAL
WASTE MANAGEMENT
Biomedical waste management is crucial for
protecting public health and environment .
Prevention of infection : Proper disposal of biomedical
waste reduces the risk of infection transmission to
healthcare workers,patients , general public
Environmental protection : Biomedical waste can
contaminate soil, water, air if not disposed properly,
posing a risk to environment.
Reduction of health risk : Improper disposal of
biomedical waste can lead to the spread of disease ,
injuries , and other health problems.
Protection of healthcare workers: Proper handling
and disposal of biomedical waste reduce the risk of
occupational exposure to infectious agents and other
hazards .
CLASSIFICATION OF
BIOMEDICAL WASTE
Different types of waste:
INFECTIOUS PATHOLOGICAL
SHARP WASTE
WASTE WASTE
PHARMACEUTIC GENOTOXIC CHEMICAL
WASTE WASTE WASTE
INFECTIOUS WASTE
Infectious waste suspected to contain
pathogens ( bacteria, viruses, parasites,
fungi) in sufficient quantity to cause disease
in susceptible host.
This category includes :
Culture and stocks of infectious agents from
laboratory work.
Waste from surgery on patients with
infectious disease .
Infected animals from laboratories
PATHOLOGICAL WASTE
It contains of tissues, organs, body
parts, human fetuses , blood and body
fluids
SHARP WASTE
These are the items that could cause
cuts or puncture wounds including
Needles
Scalpel and other blades
Knives
Infusion sets
Saws
Broken glass and nails
PHARMACEUTICAL WASTE
It includes expired ,
unused,split,and contaminated
Pharmaceutical products
Drugs
Vaccines and sera
GENOTOXIC WASTE
Genotoxic waste is highly hazardous and
may have
Mutagenic
Teratogenic
Carcinogenic properties
It raises the safety problems,both inside
hospitals and after disposal and should be given
special attention.
It includes certain cytostatic drugs, vomit,
urine, feces from patients treated with
cytostatic deugs , chemicals and radioactive
material
CHEMICAL WASTE
It consists of discarded
Solid
Liquid
Gaseous chemicals
Chemical waste maybe haardous or non hazardous .
It is considered to be hazardous if it is toxic ,
corrosive, flammable, reactive, genotoxic
LIQUID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
SOLID WASTE
STEPS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF
BIOMEDICAL WASTE
Survey of
waste
generated
Segregatio
Treatment n of
of Waste hospital
waste
Transportat Collection
ion of &categorizati
waste on of waste
Storage of
waste ( not
beyond 48
hours)
BIO MEDICAL WASTE
SEGREGATION
YELLOW BAG
Items:
ANATOMICAL WASTE, Cotton, Bandage, Wiper,
Face mask, expired, discarded medicine,
infected tissue paper.
Treatment Option :
Incineration / Deep Burial
Colour Coding YELLOW
RED BAG
ITEMS :
Any kind of plastic recyclable contaminated
waste,
Disposable items
IV tubes without sharp edge
Catheters
Urine bag
Syringe without needle
Gloves, vacutainers
Treatment option : Shredding after autoclaving
BLUE BAG
ITEMS:
Broken or empty glass items like bottles,
syringe, vials,ampule,metallic body
implants.
Treatment option:
Destruction & shredding after autoclaving
/ chemical treatment
WHITE PLASTIC CONTAINER
ITEMS:
Needle ,knife, blade, lancet and any other
SHARP items.
Treatment Option :
Destruction & shredding after autoclaving
/ chemical treatment.
BLACK BAG
ITEMS: General waste like Paper,
prescription etc .
PACKAGING AND TRANSPORTING
PACKAGING & TRANSPORTING
• Bags 3/4th filled should
be tied
• Packed and removed
from the generating area
BMW STORAGE AND
DISPOSAL
• Stored in the storage area
• Weighing & Recording in a
separate register
• Handed over to the outsourced
agency
DISPOSAL TO THE
TREATMENT AREA
Transport :
DISPOSAL OF WASTE
IN YELLOW BAG
•Incinerationis a waste treatment process
that involves the combustion of organic
substances contained in waste materials.
Incineration and other high-temperature
waste treatment systems are described as
"thermal treatment". Incineration of waste
materials converts the waste into ash, flue
gas and heat.
DISPOSAL OF WASTE IN
RED BAG
Autoclaving: Autoclaves are used 90% of the
time to treat medical waste. They are closed
chambers that apply heat, pressure and
steam to sterilize the medical waste and to
kill all the microorganisms.
Shredding: A plastic shredder is a machine
used to cut plastic into smaller pieces for
granulation. In the process, large plastic
items are fed into the shredder. Moving at a
slower speed than a granulator, blades break
the plastic down into smaller chunks.
DISPOSAL OF WASTE IN
BLUE BAG/WHITE
CONTAINER
Secured land fill: The incinerator ash,
discarded medicines, cytotoxic
substances, Sharps, Glasses and solid
chemical waste should be treated by this
option. The shredded particles could be
sent to recycling plants .
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my heartfelt gratitude to
Biochemistry HOD Dr. Lekha Biswas
Madam for her invaluable guidance in
completing our Biochemistry Elective
BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT .
I am also thankful to biochemistry lab
staffs for their cooperation.
THANK YOU
