Valves , Types of Valves

Their Uses And Coding

Presented By: Shoaib Nisar

 Introduction to Valves
• A Valve is a device that regulates, directs or controls the
flow of a fluid (gases, liquids , or slurries) by opening,
closing, or partially obstructing various passageways.

Valve Function
• Starting and stopping flow
• Varying the amount of fluid flow
• Controlling the direction of fluid flow
• Regulating system pressure
• Relieving component or piping over pressure
 Introduction to Valves

Categorized into three areas :-

1) On-Off Valves

2) Non return Valves

3) Throttling Valves
 Introduction to Valves
1) On-Off Valves

 Start or stop the flow of the medium through the process.

 Example: gate, plug, ball and pressure-relief valves.
 Can be hand-operated or automated with the addition of an
actuator.
 Used in mixing applications where a number of fluids are
combined for a predetermined amount of time (exact measurements
are not required).
 Used for immediate shut down of a system when an emergency
situation occurs.
 Pressure-relief valves are self-actuated on-off valves that open
only when a preset pressure is surpassed.
 Used for guarding against over pressurization of a liquid service.
 Applied in gas applications where over pressurization of the
system shows a safety or process hazard and must be vented.
 Introduction to Valves
1) On-Off Valves
 Introduction to Valves
1) Non return Valves

 Allow the fluid to flow only in the desired direction.

Any flow or pressure in the opposite direction is
mechanically restricted from occurring.
All check valves are non return valves.
Backflow of fluid is prevented to ensure the safety of
equipment.
Applied in process systems that have varying pressures,
which must be kept separated.
 Introduction to Valves
1) Throttling Valves

Used for regulating the flow, temperature or pressure of the

service.
Can be moved to any position within the stroke of the valve
and hold that position, including the fully-open or fully-closed
positions.
Also provided with actuation system for greater thrust and
positioning capability (automatic control).
Example: pressure regulator varies the valve’s position to
maintain constant pressure downstream (close to decrease and
open to increase the pressure).
Control valves are valves that are capable of varying flow
conditions to match the process requirements (always equipped
with actuators).
 Introduction to Valves
1) Throttling Valves
Types of Valves

 Control Valve
Globe Valve
Gate Valve
Ball Valve
Needle Valve
Butterfly
Types of Valves
 Control Valve

A control valve functions as variable resistance in a

pipeline. It provides pressure drop, called throttling, which
limits the flow through a pipeline
Function- control system by adjusting the flows that
affect the controlled variable.
The most common final control elements.
The control valve is the most widely used type of final
control element and it must perform satisfactorily with a
minimum amount of maintenance attention, even in
severe conditions of temperature, pressure, corrosion and
contamination.
Types of Valves
 Control Valve
 Can operated:-

Manual (Human)
Automatic (Actuators)
Hydraulics
Air (pneumatic)
Electrical
Types of Valves
 Globe Valve

 A type of valve for regulating flow in a pipeline, consisting of a

movable disk-type element and a stationary ring seat in a
generally spherical body.
 The valve is divided into 2 general areas;
i) Actuators- is the part of the valve that converts the
electrical/ pressure energy input to the valve into mechanical
motion (stem) to increase or decrease the flow restriction
ii) Body- contains and regulates the fluid flow
 The disc is connected to a stem which is operated by screw
action in manual valves. Typically, automated valves use
sliding stems.
Automated globe valves have a smooth stem rather than
threaded and are opened and closed by an actuator assembly.
Types of Valves
 Globe Valve
Types of Valves
 Gate Valve

 Used when a straight-line flow of fluid and minimum

restriction is desired.
 The gate is usually wedge shaped. When the valve is wide
open, the gate is fully drawn up into the valve, leaving an
opening for flow through the valve the same size as the pipe
in which the valve is installed.
 Therefore, there is little pressure drop or flow restriction
through the valve.
 Gate valves are not suitable for throttling purposes since
the control of flow would be difficult due to valve design and
since the flow of fluid slapping against a partially open gate
can cause extensive damage to the valve.
Types of Valves
 Gate Valve
Types of Valves
 Gate Valve
Types of Valves
 Ball Valve
 Stop valves that use a ball to stop or start the flow of fluid.
 The ball rotates to a point where the hole through the ball is
in line with the valve body inlet and outlet.

 When the valve is shut, which requires only a 90-degree

rotation of the hand wheel for most valves, the ball is
rotated so the hole is perpendicular to the flow
openings of the valve body, and flow is stopped .

 Ball valves are normally found in the following systems

aboard ship: water, sanitary, trim and drain, air,
hydraulic, and oil transfer.
Types of Valves
 Ball Valve
Types of Valves
 Ball Valve
Types of Valves
 Needle Valve

 Has a relatively small orifice with a long, tapered, conical

seat. A needle-shaped plunger, on the end of a screw,
exactly fits this seat.

 Precise regulation of the flow rate is possible.

 Used in flow metering applications, especially when a

constant, calibrated, low flow rate must be maintained.

 Since flow rates are low and many turns of the valve stem
are required to completely open or close, needle valves are
not used for simple shutoff applications.
Types of Valves
 Needle Valve
Types of Valves
 Butterfly valve

 A quarter-turn valve which has a circular disk as its

closing element. The standard design has the valve stem
running through the disk, giving a symmetrical
appearance.
 Operation is similar to that of a ball valve, which allows for
quick shut off.
Standard marking for valves
 General marking requirement

 Manufacturer name or trade mark.

 Rating designation. MSS-SP-025
 Material designation. Standard marking for
 Valve trim identification. valves, fittings,
flanges, and unions
 Size designation.
 Thread identification.
Standard marking for valves

Socket weld end

Body material Trim material class

Reduced Port

Solid
Wedge

Rising
Bolted Body
Stem
Outside
Hand Screw and
Wheel Yoke
Standard marking for valves

ABREVATIONS
Standard for valves
 API SPEC 6D
This International Standard specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the
design, manufacturing, testing and documentation of ball, check, gate and plug valves for
application in pipeline systems.

 API 526
Flanged Steel Pressure Relief Valves:-This specify basic requirements for direct spring-loaded
pressure relief valves and pilot-operated pressure relief valves as follows: orifice designation and
area; valve size and pressure rating, inlet and outlet; materials; pressure-temperature limits; and
center-to-face dimensions, inlet and outlet.

 API 600
Bolted Bonnet Steel Gate Valves for Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries.

 API
602 Compact Steel Gate Valves - Flanged, Threaded, Welding, and Extended-Body Ends.
 API 603
Corrosion-Resistant, Bolted Bonnet Gate Valves .
Standard for valves
ASME B16.10
Face to Face and End-to-End Dimensions of Valves

ASME B16.34
Valves - Flanged, Threaded, and Welding End