OVERVIEW

OF CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT
RODITA A.
TIAGAN
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NQmuywW-qTc&t=59s
 WHAT IS CURRICULUM?
•It is a formal plan of
educational experiences and
activities offered to a learner
under the guidance of an
educational institution
Defining Curriculum and Its
Components
Processes
The methods and
Content strategies used to
deliver the
curriculum and
The specific knowledge, facilitate
skills, and concepts learning.
students are expected to
learn.
Assessment

Methods used to measure

student
understanding and progress.
 A CLEAR
CURRICULUM, GUIDELINE
WHY IS IT TO REACH
ESSENTIAL? THE
OBJECTIVES
 CURRICULUM
DEVELOPMENT
Curriculum Development
* It encompasses defining educational
goals, selecting relevant content, and
determining the most suitable
instructional methods to facilitate
learning.
Curriculum development
It is a systematic process of designing,
organizing, and reviewing educational courses
to ensure effective teaching and learning
It is the multi-level approach of creating and
improvising
.
the course material taught at a
school, university, or educational institutions
While the actual process varies from place to
place, the broad framework incorporates
analysis, building, implementation, and
evaluation stages.
 It involves several key
characteristics:
• Systematic
• Iterative
• Evolutionary
• Evidence-based
• Comprehensive in scope
Why is Curriculum Development
Important?
• Effective Learning
• Relevant and
responsive
• Informed decision-
making
Why is Curriculum Development
Important?
• Improved learning
outcomes
• Holistic education
• Inclusivity and equity
Why is Curriculum Development
Important?
• Teacher Guidance and
support
• Continuous Improvement
• Preparation for Future
Challenges
Historical Context of Curriculum Development

⮚ Early curriculum development focused on classical

subjects (Latin, Greek, Mathematics) and aimed to
prepare students for higher education and
leadership roles
⮚ The Industrial Revolution in the late 18th and early
19th centuries led to a shift towards vocational
education and practical skills training to meet the
demands of the workforce.
Historical Context of Curriculum Development
⮚ The progressive education movement in the early 20th
century, led by educators like John Dewey, emphasized child-
centered learning, experiential education, and social reform
⮚ The launch of Sputnik in 1957 sparked a renewed emphasis
on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics
(STEM) education in the United States
⮚ The civil rights movement in the 1960s and 1970s brought
attention to issues of educational equity and the need for
ulturally responsive curriculum
Historical Context of Curriculum Development

∙The standards-based education reform movement in the 1980s

and 1990s aimed to establish clear, measurable learning
standards and hold schools accountable for student
achievement
The 21st century has seen a growing emphasis on skills such as
critical thinking, creativity, collaboration, and digital literacy to
prepare students for a rapidly changing global economy
Stakeholders in curriculum development :
This varies depending on the type of curriculum.
Possibilities include:
Students: the primary beneficiaries of the curriculum,
whose learning needs, interests, and characteristics
should be at the center of the development process
Teachers: the primary implementers of the curriculum,
whose expertise, experience, and creativity are essential
to the development process
Administrators: the leaders who oversee the curriculum
development process and ensure alignment with school
or district goals and priorities
Stakeholders in curriculum development :
Parents and families: important partners in the
education process, whose values, expectations, and
concerns should be considered in curriculum
development
Community members: stakeholders who have an
interest in the outcomes of education and the preparation
of students for citizenship and the workforce
Subject matter experts: individuals with specialized
knowledge and expertise in the content areas addressed
by the curriculum
Professional organizations: groups that establish
standards, guidelines, and best practices for curriculum
Here's a breakdown
of key aspects:
 1. Stages of Curriculum
Development
a. Needs Assessment
❖ Identifying the educational needs
of learners and the community.
❖ Gathering data through surveys, interviews,
and analysis of existing programs
.
 1. Stages of Curriculum
Development
b. Goals and Objectives
Establishing clear, measurable learning
outcomes.
Aligning objectives with
educational standards and learner needs.
 1. Stages of Curriculum
Development
c. Curriculum Mapping
the process of creating a visual representation
of the curriculum's scope and sequence, showing
how content, skills, and assessments are
organized across grade levels and subject areas
d. Content Selection/Design
∙Choosing relevant subject matter
∙and materials.
∙Ensuring content is appropriate for the
target audience and aligned with goals.
e. Instructional Strategies
❖ It must be implemented in classrooms or educational
settings.
❖ Teachers are trained on the new curriculum, and
resources are provided to support them.
❖ This stage also involves monitoring how well
the curriculum is being delivered and ensuring that it
meets the learners' needs.
f. Implementation
❖ Developing teaching methods and approaches that
cater to diverse learning styles.
❖ Incorporating active learning, collaborative
activities, and technology.

.
f. Evaluation and Feedback
Curriculum development is not a one-time process.
Continuous evaluation is essential to determine its
effectiveness.

Assessment can be formative (ongoing)

or summative (end-of-program).
Feedback from students, teachers, and other
stakeholders informs necessary revisions and
improvements to the curriculum.
 Overview
of
Curriculum
Development
Rodita A.
Tiagan
Reporter
2. Approaches to Curriculum
Development
2. Approaches to Curriculum
Development
a. Subject-Centered Approach
This approach focuses on organizing curriculum
content around subjects or disciplines, such as
mathematics, science, or history.
❖ It emphasizes mastery of subject matter, with
learning typically structured in a logical
progression.
2. Approaches to Curriculum
Development

b. Learner-Centered Approach
A learner-centered approach places the
individual student at the core of the curriculum
design.
❖ It considers students' needs, interests, and
experiences, encouraging active learning,
self-direction, and collaboration.
2. Approaches to Curriculum
Development
c. Problem-Centered Approach
In this approach, the curriculum is built around
real-life problems or issues.

❖ It encourages students to apply critical thinking

and problem-solving skills to address challenges,
fostering a deeper understanding of the content.
3. Curriculum Models
a. Tyler’s Model
Ralph Tyler's model is one of the most widely used
in curriculum development.

❖ It emphasizes clear objectives, content

organization, effective instruction, and evaluation.
His model operates under four main questions:
∙His model operates under four main questions:
∙1. What educational purposes should the school seek to
attain?

∙2. What educational experiences can be provided to

attain these purposes?

∙3. How can these educational experiences be

effectively organized?

∙4. How can we determine whether these purposes

are being attained?
The four stages of the Tyler model are:
1. Defining objectives
2. Content
3. Organizing content
4. Evaluating outcomes
The Tyler model of curriculum development is a widely used approach
in education and is known for its focus on clearly defined objectives,
alignment with learning standards, and systematic approach to
curriculum development.
3. Curriculum Models
b. Taba’s Model
Hilda Taba proposed a more participatory approach,
arguing that curriculum development should start with
teachers rather than experts.

❖ Her model follows seven steps:

diagnosis of needs, formulation of objectives,
selection of content, organization of content, selection
of learning experiences, organization of learning
activities, and evaluation.
3. Curriculum Models
c. Backward Design (Understanding by Design)
This model, proposed by Grant Wiggins and Jay McTighe,
starts with defining the desired learning outcomes (end goals)
and works backward to design assessments and learning
activities.
❖ It ensures that the curriculum is focused on
achieving clear objectives from the start.
4. Challenges in Curriculum Development
∙Alignment with standards: ensuring that the curriculum is
aligned with national, state, or local standards for student
learning and achievement
oRequires careful analysis of standards and mapping of
curriculum content and assessments

Accommodating diverse learner needs: designing curriculum

that is accessible, engaging, and effective for students with a
wide range of abilities, backgrounds, and learning styles
Requires differentiation, universal design for learning, and
 4. Challenges in Curriculum
Development
Balancing breadth and depth: determining the appropriate scope and
sequence of content to ensure that students acquire both a broad
knowledge base and deep understanding of key concepts and skills
oRequires careful selection and prioritization of content based on
its significance, relevance, and transferability
∙Incorporating technology: integrating digital tools and resources into
the curriculum in ways that enhance learning and prepare students
for a technology-rich world
oRequires careful selection and use of technology based on its
affordances, limitations, and alignment with learning objectives
 4. Challenges in Curriculum
Development
∙ Ensuring relevance and engagement: creating curriculum that is
meaningful, authentic, and connected to students' lives and interests
oRequires the use of real-world problems, project-based learning, and
student choice and voice in the learning process

∙ Addressing social and emotional learning: incorporating the

development of social and emotional competencies, such as self-
awareness, self-management, social awareness, relationship skills, and
responsible decision-making, into the curriculum
oRequires explicit instruction, modeling, and practice of social and
emotional skills and the creation of a positive, supportive learning
environment
4. Challenges in Curriculum
Development
∙Involving stakeholders: engaging a diverse range of
stakeholders, including students, teachers, parents,
community members, and subject matter experts, in
the curriculum development process
oRequires effective communication, collaboration,
and consensus-building strategies to ensure buy-in
and ownership of the curriculum
4. Challenges in Curriculum
Development
Ensuring relevance and engagement: creating curriculum
that is meaningful, authentic, and connected to students' lives
and interests

Addressing social and emotional learning:

incorporating the development of social and emotional
competencies, such as self-awareness, self-management, social
awareness, relationship skills, and responsible decision-making,
into the curriculum
4. Challenges in Curriculum
Development
Involving stakeholders: engaging a diverse range of
stakeholders, including students, teachers, parents, community
members, and subject matter experts, in the curriculum
development process.

Requires effective communication, collaboration, and

consensus-building: strategies to ensure buy-in and ownership
of the curriculum
5. Importance of Curriculum
Development
∙Quality of Education: A well-developed curriculum
ensures that students acquire essential knowledge,
skills, and attitudes.
∙Adaptability: An effective curriculum is adaptable to
changing educational needs and contexts.
5. Importance of Curriculum
Development
∙Teacher Support: A clear and structured curriculum
guides teachers in delivering lessons effectively.
∙Student Engagement: By aligning curriculum with
students' interests and future needs, it increases
student motivation and engagement.
6. Practical Applications
∙Developing a new course: using the curriculum
development process to design a new course or
program of study in a specific subject area or grade
level
oInvolves conducting a needs assessment, setting
goals, designing components, and planning for
implementation and evaluation
Practical Applications
∙Revising an existing curriculum: using the curriculum
development process to review and update an existing
curriculum to ensure its relevance, effectiveness, and alignment
with standards and goals
oInvolves analyzing data on student learning, gathering
feedback from stakeholders, and making targeted revisions to
components of the curriculum
Practical Applications
∙Aligning curriculum across grade levels: using
curriculum mapping and vertical alignment strategies
to ensure continuity and progression of learning from
one grade level to the next
oInvolves collaboration among teachers across
grade levels to identify essential skills and concepts
and plan for scaffolding and reinforcement
Practical Applications
∙Integrating curriculum across subject areas: using
interdisciplinary or thematic approaches to
curriculum design to help students make connections
and apply learning across multiple contexts
oInvolves collaboration among teachers across
subject areas to identify common themes, skills,
and concepts and plan for integrated learning
experiences
Practical Applications
∙Adapting curriculum for diverse learners:
using differentiation and universal design for learning
strategies to modify curriculum components to meet
the needs of students with diverse abilities,
backgrounds, and learning styles
oInvolves analyzing student data, providing multiple
means of representation, expression, and
engagement, and using flexible grouping and
assessment strategies
Practical Applications
∙Implementing curriculum in online or blended
learning environments:
∙Using digital tools and platforms to deliver
curriculum content, facilitate learning activities, and
assess student progress in virtual or hybrid settings
oInvolves designing interactive, multimedia content,
using synchronous and asynchronous
communication tools, and providing support for
student self-regulation and metacognition
Conclusion
Curriculum development is a critical
element in the educational process, shaping
the way students learn and preparing them
for the future.
It requires careful planning, continuous
review, and the involvement of various
stakeholders to remain relevant and
effective.
Thank you!