Computer
Programming
• Course Code: CSC-113
• Course Instructor: Mehreen Tariq
• Email:
[email protected] Decision Controls
The decision control statements are the decision-making statements that decides
the order of execution of statements based on the conditions. In the decision-
making statements the programmer specify which conditions are to be executed or
tested with the statements to be executed if the condition is true or false.
1. If statement
2. If/else statement
If
3. If/elseif/else statement Condition
4. Switch statement
5. Nested if/else statement
Switch Statement
• The switch statement evaluates an integral expression and chooses one of several
execution paths based on the expression's value.
• In other words, a Switch statement provides a convenient way of selecting among
a (possibly large) number of fixed alternatives.
Syntax Switch Statement
switch (expression)
{
case constant1:
// statements
break;
case constant2:
// statements
break;
. . .
default:
// default statements
}
How switch statements work:
• The switch expression is evaluated once.
• The value of the expression is compared with the values of each case.
• If there is a match, the associated block of code is executed.
• The break and default keywords are optional.
The break keyword:
• When C++ reaches a break keyword, it break out of the switch block.
• This will stop the execution of more code and case testing inside the block.
• When match is found, and the job is done, it's time for a break. There is no need
for more testing.
• A break can save a lot of execution time as it ignores the execution of all the rest
of the code in the switch block.
The default keyword:
• The default code specifies some code to run if there is no case match.
• The default keyword must be used as the last statement in the switch, and it does
not need a break.
Write a program in C++ to input a number between 1 to
7 and print the corresponding day of a week (day name)
using if else statment.
• #include <iostream> • else if(n==4)
• using namespace std; • { cout<<"Wednesday";}
• int main() • else if(n==5)
• { int n; • { cout<<"Thursday"; }
• cout<<"Enter a number "; • else if(n==6)
• cin>>n; • { cout<<"Friday”;}
• if(n==1) • else if(n==7)
• { cout<<"Sunday"; } • { cout<<"Saturday"; }
• else if(n==2) • else
• { cout<<"Monday"; } • { cout<<"Invalid number"; }
• else if(n==3) • return 0;}
• { cout<<"Tuesday";}
Write a program in C++ to input a number between 1 to
7 and print the corresponding day of a week (day name)
using Switch statment.
• #include<iostream> • case 3:
• using namespace std; • cout<<"Wednesday";
• int main() • break;
• case 4:
• { int day;
• cout<<"Thursday";
• cout<<"\nEnter the Day's number :";
• break;
• cin>>day; • case 5:
• switch (day) • cout<<"Friday";
• { case 1: • break;
• cout<<"Monday"; • case 6:
• break; • cout<<"Saturday";
• break;
• case 2:
• case 7:
• cout<<"Tuesday";
• cout<<"Sunday";
• break; • break; } return 0; }
Nested if/else Statement
Sometimes, we need to use an if statement inside another if statement. This is
known as nested if statement.
Think of it as multiple layers of if statements. There is a first, outer if statement, and
inside it is another, inner if statement. Its syntax is:
// outer if statement
if (condition1)
{
// statements
// inner if statement
if (condition2)
{
// statements
}
}
Leap Year Not Leap Year
1968 1971
2004 2006
2012 2010
1200 1700
1600 1800
2000 1900
Leap Year Example
#include <iostream> // all other years are not leap years
using namespace std; else {
int main() { cout << year << " is not a leap year.";
int year; }
cout << "Enter a year: ";
cin >> year; return 0;
// leap year if perfectly divisible by 400 }
if (year % 400 == 0) {
cout << year << " is a leap year.“ ; }
// not a century year and divided by 4
else if (year % 100! == 0 && year % 4 == 0) {
cout << year << " is not a leap year.";
}
Reference:
Tony Gaddis, “Starting out with C++”, 6th Edition, Pearson -> Chapter 01
