CC102 – Computer Programming, Intermediate
C++
Functions
Melgine M. Bauat, MSIT
Asst. Professor III
The C++ Functions
A C++ function or a subprogram is simply a chunk of C+
+ code that has:
A descriptive function name: Examples
computeTaxes to compute the taxes for an employee
isPrime to check whether or not a number is a prime number
A returning value (for value returning function)
The computeTaxes function may return with a double number
representing the amount of taxes
The isPrime function may return with a Boolean value (true or
false)
A Sub-process (for non-value returning function)
Execution of Processes or Statements
CC102 – Computer Programming, Intermediate
The C++ Standard Functions
A C++ standard function are groups in different libraries
which can be included in the C++ program
Example: SAME OUTPUT WITHOUT
USING FUNCTION
pow standard function in <cmath>
ibrary int base=2, exponent=3,result=1;
for (int exp=1; exp<=exponent; exp++
cout << “2 raised to 3 is “ << pow(2,3); result *= base;
}
OUTPUT: cout << “2 raised to 3 is “ << result;
2 raised to 3 is 8
Visit https://www.programiz.com/cpp-programming/library-function for more
standard library functions
CC102 – Computer Programming, Intermediate
The C++ User-Defined Functions
A C++ User-defined functions are functions developed by
the programmer to implement in the program
FUNCTION HEADER.
Containing return value type, function
VALUE RETURNING FUNCTION. name, and parameters.
Example: int -> the return value type is integer
add -> the function name.
int num1, int num2 -> Parameters
int add(int num1, int num2) {
required by the function to perform the
int sumofnumbers = num1 + task
num2;
return sumofnumbers;
FUNCTION BODY.
The statements inside the
} function (inside {} “curly
braces”)
Usage: int sum = add(4,5);
OR –cout
CC102 << “The Programming,
Computer sum is “ << add(4,5);
Intermediate
The C++ User-Defined Functions
NON-VALUE RETURNING FUNCTION
Example: FUNCTION HEADER.
Containing void keyword, function name,
parameters (but not required).
void showHeader() {
cout << “Student Information void -> keyword to define non-value
System”; returning function
cout << endl; showHeader -> the function name.
}
FUNCTION BODY.
Usage:
The statements to be executed inside the function
(inside {} “curly braces”)
showHeader();
CC102 – Computer Programming, Intermediate
The C++ User-Defined Functions
NON-VALUE RETURNING FUNCTION (sample with
parameter)
void greetEmployee(string employeename) {
cout << “Student Information System”
<< endl;
cout << “Welcome ” <<
employeename;
}
Usage:
string employee = “Melgine”;
greetEmployee(employee);
Output:
Student Information System
Welcome Melgine
CC102 – Computer Programming, Intermediate
The C++ User-Defined Functions
FUNCTION PARAMETERS. A function may don’t have or
can have 1 or more parameters to perform its task.
void employeeTax(string employeename, double salary, double tax_percent=0.12)
{
cout << “Employee Name: ” << employeename << endl;
cout << “Salary: ” << salary << endl; OUTPUT:
cout << “Tax Percent: ” << tax_percent << endl;
double tax = salary * tax_percent; Employee Name: Melgine
cout << “Tax: ” << tax << endl; Salary: 30000
Tax Percent: 0.12
} Tax: 3600
Usage:
employeeTax(“Melgine”, 30000.00); Employee Name: Ronaldin
Salary: 50000
employeeTax(“Ronaldin”, 50000.00, 0.15); Tax Percent: 0.15
Tax: 7500
CC102 – Computer Programming, Intermediate
The C++ User-Defined Functions
FUNCTION PARAMETERS. A function may don’t have or
can have 1 or more parameters to perform its task.
Required parameters must be placed at the start and the optional
parameters must be placed at the ends part
CORRECT DECLARATION:
void employeeTax(string employeename, double salary, double tax_percent=0.12)
WRONG DECLARATION:
void employeeTax(double tax_percent=0.12, string employeename, double salary)
CC102 – Computer Programming, Intermediate
The C++ User-Defined Functions
Incorrect Usage
int add(int num1, int num2) {
int sumofnumbers = num1 + num2;
return sumofnumbers;
}
1. Incompatible data type -> string sum = add(4,5);
2. Insufficient arguments -> cout << “The sum is “ <<
add(4);
3. Incorrect data type arguments -> cout << “The sum is “ <<
add(4,’a’);
4. Too much arguments supplied -> int sum = add(4,5,6);
CC102 – Computer Programming, Intermediate
The C++ User-Defined Functions
The function prototype. declaration in C++ of a function, its
name, parameters and return type before its actual declaration
Function Prototype.
Declared before the driver function (int
main)
Actual Declaration.
Placed after int main
driver.
CC102 – Computer Programming, Intermediate
