SYLLABUS
UNIT 1: Revisiting AI Project Cycle
&
Ethical frameworks for AI
1.1 : AI PROJECT CYCLE
6
DEPLOYMENT
Finally after evaluation , the deployment stage is crucial
for ensuring the successful integration and operation of AI
solutions in real world environments, enabling them to
deliver value and impact to users and stakeholders.
1.2 : INTRODUCTION TO AI DOMAINS
Statistical Dataa
Statistical Data
1.3 : ETHICAL FRAMEWORKS FOR AI
FRAMEWORKS
Frameworks are a set of steps that help us in solving problems in an organized
manner.
ETHICAL FRAMEWORKS
Ethical frameworks are frameworks which help us ensure that the choices we
make do not cause unintended harm. It provide a systematic approach to
navigating complex moral dilemmas by considering various principles and
perspectives.
Why do we need ethical frameworks for AI?
Ethical frameworks ensure that AI makes morally acceptable choices.
If we use ethical frameworks while building our AI solutions, we can avoid
unintended outcomes,even before they take place.
3 Factors influencing Decision Making
Types of Ethical Frameworks
Sector Based Frameworks
•Sector-based frameworks focus on ethical
considerations within specific industries or domains.
•One of the common sector based framework is
Bioethics: which applies ethical principles to AI in
healthcare.
•sector-based frameworks can extend to various
fields, such as: Finance, Education, Transportation,
Agriculture, Governance, and law enforcement.
Value based Frameworks
•Focus on fundamental ethical principles and values
guiding decision making.
•They can be further classified into three categories:
1. Rights-based – Focuses on protecting human
rights and dignity, ensuring AI respects individual
autonomy and freedom.
2. Utility-based – Evaluates actions based on
maximizing overall good, striving for beneficial
outcomes while minimizing harm.
3. Virtue-based – Encourages ethical AI
development by fostering virtues like honesty,
fairness, and responsibility in AI decision-making.
Bioethics
•Bioethics focuses on ethical principles in healthcare and
life sciences.
Principles of Bioethics
•Respect Autonomy– Individuals should have the right to
make informed decisions about their own health and
medical treatments.
•Non-maleficence – Avoid causing harm to patients,
animals, or the environment.
•Beneficence– Ensure maximum benefit to all.
•Justice – Ensure fairness in healthcare access,
treatment, and resource distribution.
Case study
•A company created an AI algorithm to help
hospitals optimize patient care by identifying
individuals at high risk.
Objective:
Provide valuable insights for resource allocation
to ensure patients in most need receive
appropriate care.
Problem:
The AI wrongly labeled Western region patients
as low-risk, even though they had more serious
health problems than patients from other areas.
Why the problem happened:
The AI was trained on healthcare expense as a
measure for health metrics rather than actual
illness.
We can use Bioethics framework to ensure an
ethical AI solution
1. Respect for Autonomy
Enable users to fully aware of how an AI
Algorithm functions.
● The data models used to make decisions,
should be reproducible and accessible to
patients.
● In the case of any performance concerns,
model prediction and data labels should be
released.
2. Do not harm:
Always avoid causing harm to anyone; if harm
is unavoidable, choose the least harmful option.
● Train AI models on data that reduce harm for
everyone, not just specific groups.
● In the example, patients outside the western
region got better care even if they needed it
less.
● The AI would harm western region patients
by wrongly allocating healthcare resources.
3. Maximum benefit:
● Focus not just on avoiding harm but on
providing the greatest benefit possible.
● Follow clinical practice standards, not just
technological ethics standards.
● The AI should help western region patients
and patients of all races equally.
● The data use for training must be unbiased.
4.Justice:
● Benefits and burdens must be fairly
distributed, regardless of background.
To ensure Justice:
● Deep understanding of societal structures
(e.g., racism, sexism).
● Awareness of social determinants of
healthcare (eg: income, health literacy,)
● Active efforts to counteract societal biases.
