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Presented By: Prachi Khare BE-4 Sem. (EC)

LEDs have many applications including in sensors, mobile devices, signs, automotive uses and as indicators. LEDs work using a p-n junction where electrons recombine with holes to produce light. They have advantages over other light sources like higher efficiency, longer lifetime, ability to emit specific colors, faster on/off switching and shock resistance. However, LEDs also have disadvantages such as currently higher initial price compared to other lights, performance dependence on temperature, requirement of correct electrical polarity, potential for blue light hazard, and need for current regulation.

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Saurabh Khare
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117 views10 pages

Presented By: Prachi Khare BE-4 Sem. (EC)

LEDs have many applications including in sensors, mobile devices, signs, automotive uses and as indicators. LEDs work using a p-n junction where electrons recombine with holes to produce light. They have advantages over other light sources like higher efficiency, longer lifetime, ability to emit specific colors, faster on/off switching and shock resistance. However, LEDs also have disadvantages such as currently higher initial price compared to other lights, performance dependence on temperature, requirement of correct electrical polarity, potential for blue light hazard, and need for current regulation.

Uploaded by

Saurabh Khare
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Presented By : Prachi Khare BE- 4th Sem.

(EC)

Introduction
A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many devices and are increasingly used for other lighting. Introduced as a practical electronic component in 1962, early LEDs emitted low-intensity red light, but modern versions are available across the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness.

Application of LEDs
Sensor Applications
Mobile Applications Sign Applications

Automative Uses
LED Signals Illuminations Indicators

Applications of LEDs

How does it work?

P-n junction

Electrical Contacts

A typical LED needs a p-n junction There are a lot of electrons and holes at the junction due to excitations

Electrons from n need to be injected to p to promote recombination


Junction is biased to produce even more e-h and to inject electrons from n to p for recombination to happen

Recombination produces light!!

Advantages of LED
Efficiency: LEDs emit more light per watt than incandescent light

bulbs. Their efficiency is not affected by shape and size, unlike fluorescent light bulbs or tubes. Longevity: The light emitting element in a diode is a small conductor chip rather than a filament which greatly extends the diodes life in comparison to an incandescent bulb (10 000 hours life time compared to ~1000 hours for incandescence light bulb) Color: LEDs can emit light of an intended color without using any color filters as traditional lighting methods need. This is more efficient and can lower initial costs. On/Off time: LEDs light up very quickly. A typical red indicator LED will achieve full brightness in under a microsecond. LEDs used in communications devices can have even faster response times.

Conti.
Shock resistance: LEDs, being solid state components, are difficult

to damage with external shock, unlike fluorescent and incandescent bulbs, which are fragile. Size: LEDs can be very small (smaller than 2 mm2) and are easily populated onto printed circuit boards.

Disadvantage of LED
High initial price: LEDs are currently more expensive, price per lumen, on

an initial capital cost basis, than most conventional lighting technologies. As of 2010, the cost per thousand lumens (kilolumen) was about $18. The price is expected to reach $2/kilolumen by 2015. The additional expense partially stems from the relatively low lumen output and the drive circuitry and power supplies needed.
Temperature dependence: LED performance largely depends on the

ambient temperature of the operating environment. Over-driving an LED in high ambient temperatures may result in overheating the LED package, eventually leading to device failure. An adequate heat sink is needed to maintain long life. This is especially important in automotive, medical, and military uses where devices must operate over a wide range of temperatures, and need low failure rates.

Conti
Electrical Polarity: Unlike incandescent light bulbs, which illuminate

regardless of the electrical polarity, LEDs will only light with correct electrical polarity. Blue hazard: There is a concern that blue LEDs and cool-white LEDs are now capable of exceeding safe limits of the so-called blue-light hazard as defined in eye safety specifications such as ANSI/IESNA RP-27.105: Recommended Practice for Photo biological Safety for Lamp and Lamp Systems. Voltage sensitivity: LEDs must be supplied with the voltage above the threshold and a current below the rating. This can involve series resistors or current-regulated power supplies.

::The END::

Thank you for your Attention!

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