ARDUINO
INTRODUCTION TO ARDUINO
WHAT IS ARDUINO?
• Arduino is an open-source prototype (easy to use)platform that helps
circuit developers build electronic projects. It consists of both
hardware and software.
• Open source microcontroller development board.
• Used to read the sensors and control things like motors and lights.
• Allows to upload programs to this board and then interact things with
the real world with the ready made software called Arduino
IDE(intergrated Development Environment).
WHY ARDUINO?
• Provides Own IDE(Integrated Development Environment) which is
free to download from Arduino’s website.
• User can use certain modules or interfaces without having any depth
knowledge about its working or internal structures.
• User-friendly approach, powerful functionality, and strong community
support.
• Low-cost electronic board that is affordable for a wide range of users.
KEY FEATURES
• Arduino boards are able to read inputs from different Sensors.
• light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message -
and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an
LED, publishing something online.
• Does not need any extra piece of hard ware(loading code),can
simply use USB cable.
• Use simplified version of c++.
ARDUINO BOARDS
ARDUINO BOARDS
• The easiest and commonly used board is Arduino UNO.
• Simple and commonly used prototyping board(UNO).
• UNO comes with an ATmega328P microcontroller.
POWER(USB/BARREL JACK)
You can power this board using a USB connection to your
computer(1)
use a wall power supply that will terminate in a barrel jack. (2)
You can even load the code using a USB connection onto your Arduino
board.
The above image shows the following:
•GND (3): GND stands for ‘Ground,” which is used to
ground your circuit.
•5V (4) & 3.3V (5): The 5V pin can be used to supply
five volts of power, and the 3.3V pin can be used to
supply 3.3 volts of power.
•Analog (6): These pins labelled from (A0 to A5) are
known as Analog pins. They will convert an analog
sensor to a digital one.
The top right of the above image highlights the 14 I/O pins that can
perform specific functions, as stated below:
Digital(7)
They are ideal for both digital output and digital input.(0-13).
PWM(8)
The PWM pins function like normal digital pins.(3,5,6,9,10,11).
AREF(9)
Stands for Analog Reference, used to set an external reference voltage
( 0 -5 Volts).
Reset Button(10)
This button connects the reset pin to the ground and restarts the uploaded
code
Power LED Indicator(11)
Which will light up when powering your Arduino to a source.
TX RX LEDs(12)
Where TX stands for transmit and RX for receive. These are used for serial
communication.
Integrated circuit(13)
The brain of Arduino. You can see the IC type mentioned on the top of the IC.
Voltage regulator(14)
Which helps control the amount of voltage supplied to the Arduino board.
FEATURES OF ARDUINO
• Operating voltage is 5V.
• Recommended input voltage is 7V to 12V.
• Input voltage ranges from 6V to 20V.
• Digital I/O pins are 14.
• CLK speed is 16MHz.
TYPES OF ARDUINO BOARD
Arduino UNO (R3) Arduino Nano
Arduino Lilypad
Arduino
Micro
Arduino Red Arduino Mega R3
Board
Arduino Leonardo Arar Arduino Zero
ARDUINO TOOLCHAIN
• A toolchain is a set of programming tools that is used to
perform a complex set of operations.
• In the Arduino Software (IDE) the toolchain is hidden from the
user, but it is used to compile and upload the user Sketch.
• It includes compiler, assembler, linker and Standard C & math
libraries.
• A toolchain is simply a set of software tools that work together
to complete a task.
ARDUINO HARDWARE/SOFTWARE INTERFACE
HOW THE ARDUINO COMPILER WORKS
ARDUINO CODE COMPILATION PROCESS
ARDUINO PROGRAMMING
STRUCTURE
ARDUINO SHIELDS
• Arduino shields are the boards, which are plugged over the
Arduino board to expand its functionalities.
• Different varieties of shields used for various tasks, such as
Arduino motor shields, Arduino communication shields, etc.
• different varieties of shields used for various tasks, such as
Arduino motor shields, Arduino communication shields, etc.
• It also makes our work easy. For example, Ethernet shields are
used to connect the Arduino board to the Internet.
WHY DO WE NEED SHIELDS?
• It adds new functionalities to the Arduino projects.
• The shields can be attached and detached easily from the Arduino
board. It does not require any complex wiring.
• It is easy to connect the shields by mounting them over the Arduino
board.
• The hardware components on the shields can be easily implemented.
TYPES OF SHIELDS
• Ethernet shield
• Xbee Shield
• Proto shield
• Relay shield
• Motor shield
• LCD shield
• Bluetooth shield
• Capacitive Touchpad Shield
INTEGRATION OF SENSORS AND
ACTUATORS WITH ARDUINO
• An IoT device is made up of a Physical object (“thing”) + Controller
(“brain”) + Sensors + ActuatorAs + Networks (Internet).
SENSORS
A sensor is a device that detects and responds to some type of input from the
physical environment.
Made up of Single crystal Silicon.
TYPES OF SENSORS
COMMON SPECIFICATION
• Electrical specification
• Operating voltage
• Current consumption
• Short circuit protection
• lifetime
• Linearity
ACTUATORS
ACTUATORS
• Actuators are the opposite of sensors - they convert
an electrical signal from your IoT device into an
interaction with the physical world such as emitting
light or sound, or moving a motor.
• The actuator can act on data collected by sensors to
create an outcome as determined by the chosen
settings of the user.
•LED - these emit light when turned on
•Speaker - these emit sound based on the signal sent to them, from a basic buzzer
to an audio speaker that can play music.
•Stepper motor - these convert a signal into a defined amount of rotation, such as
turning a dial 90°.
•Relay - these are switches that can be turned on or off by an electrical signal.
They allow a small voltage from an IoT device to turn on larger voltages.
•Screens - these are more complex actuators and show information on a multi-
segment display. Screens vary from simple LED displays to high-resolution video
monitors.
THANK YOU
