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Introduction To Stack (02may2025)

The document provides an introduction to stack data structures, explaining their Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) principle and key characteristics such as access restrictions and constant time operations. It discusses various applications of stacks, including program execution, undo mechanisms, and browser navigation. Additionally, it outlines basic stack operations and implementation options in Java.

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biji
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63 views7 pages

Introduction To Stack (02may2025)

The document provides an introduction to stack data structures, explaining their Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) principle and key characteristics such as access restrictions and constant time operations. It discusses various applications of stacks, including program execution, undo mechanisms, and browser navigation. Additionally, it outlines basic stack operations and implementation options in Java.

Uploaded by

biji
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Stack Data

Structure

Jayanti Khatri Lamba


Understanding Stacks
Definition Real-Life Analogy
A stack is a linear data Think of a stack of plates in
structure that follows the a cafeteria. You can only
Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) take the top plate, which
principle. Elements are was the last one added.
added and removed from
the same end.

Java Implementation
Java provides a built-in Stack class in the java.util package.
Custom implementations are also common.
Key Characteristics of
Stacks
LIFO Principle
The Last-In-First-Out principle defines the behavior of all
stack operations.

Access Restriction
Elements can only be accessed from one end of the stack.

Constant Time Operations


Push and pop operations have O(1) time complexity.
Applications of Stacks: Program Execution
Function Call Management
The call stack tracks function execution order. When a function is called, a
new frame is pushed.

Undo Mechanisms
Applications use stacks to implement undo functionality by storing previous states.

Backtracking Algorithms
Mazes and puzzles use stacks to remember decision points for backtracking.

Parentheses Matching
Compilers use stacks to verify balanced parentheses in code.

Browser Navigation 5
every time you visit a new page, the current page is pushed onto a back
stack. Clicking "back" pops the last page, and if you go forward, it's managed
with a forward stack.
Basic Stack Operations
Push
Adds an element to the top of the stack.

Example: stack.push(element);

Pop
Removes and returns the top element.

Example: element = stack.pop();

Peek
Returns the top element without removing it.

Example: element = stack.peek();

isEmpty
Checks if the stack contains any elements.

Example: if(stack.isEmpty())

isFull
Checks if the stack is full.

Example: if(stack.isFull())
Stack Implementation Options
Ready-made Implementation
java.util.Stack or java.util.Deque interface

Array-based Implementation
Fixed or dynamic array storing elements

Linked List Implementation


Nodes connected with references
Thank You!

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