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Viruses Bio 103

This document provides an introduction to viruses, describing their structure, classification, and replication process. It explains that viruses are obligate intracellular parasites with a core of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat, and details the viral life cycle stages. Additionally, it discusses factors influencing virus-host interactions and the types of viral release mechanisms.

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39 views24 pages

Viruses Bio 103

This document provides an introduction to viruses, describing their structure, classification, and replication process. It explains that viruses are obligate intracellular parasites with a core of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat, and details the viral life cycle stages. Additionally, it discusses factors influencing virus-host interactions and the types of viral release mechanisms.

Uploaded by

fssahabii
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INTRODUCTION TO

VIRUSES

DR DADA KHADIJA MUHAMMAD


CHS, UDUSOK
INTRODUCTION
 A virus is an obligate intracellular parasite
containing genetic material surrounded by
protein
 Virus particles can only be observed by an
electron microscope
 Viruses replicate within a host cell while utilizing
the host cell’s nucleic acids.
STRUCTURE
Structure of a Virus

 Viruses have an inner


core of nucleic acid
surrounded by protein
coat known as an
envelope
 Most viruses range in

sizes from 20 – 250


nanometers
Viral Envelope
 Presence
 Enveloped
 Naked (non-enveloped)
 Location
 Surrounds capsid
 Source
 Host plasma membrane
 Nuclear membrane
 Endoplasmic reticulum
 Components
 Phospholipid
 Proteins
 Glycoprotein spikes (+/-)
 Examples
 Influenza
 Rabies
 Herpes
 HIV
Envelope Glycoprotein Spikes
Viral Capsid
 Function
 Protect NA
 Aids in transfer to host

 Structure
 Protein
coat
 Capsomere arrange
 Helical
 Polyhedral
 Complex
Viral Nucleic Acid

 DNA OR RNA
 Shape
 Circular
 Linear
 Number
 One
 Or more
 Strands
 ss
 ds
 + or - if RNA
Size
CLASSIFICATION
CLASSIFICATION
 The classification of
viruses is based on
the type of nucleic  Classification
acid contained  Group
within  NA
 Family
 RNA viruses---also  -viridae
known as a retrovirus  Genus
 DNA viruses  -virus
 Species
 Name
Viral Replication

Viral life cycle consists of six stages


within the host cell
 Attachment
 Penetration
 Uncoating
 Multiplication
 Assembly
 Release
Replication of Animal Viruses
 Attach
 Entry
 Direct
Penetration
 Membrane fusion
 Endocytosis
 Uncoating
 Synthesis
 Assembly
 Release
Viral Attachment
Direct
Release of Genome (uncoating)
Influenza Virus

Endosome formation
pH drop due to H+ pump
Fusion peptide to PM
Conformational change
Release of NA

Adenovirus uncoating
Viral Release
 Types
 Budding
 Acquire membranes
 envelope
 Exocytosis
 Lysis

 Latency
Viral Assembly

 DNA
 Nucleus
 Moves to cytoplasm
 RNA
 cytoplasm
Elements of Virus-Host interaction
Virus factors
 Viral strain
Inoculum size
 Route of exposure

Susceptibility of host
Is there pre-existent immunity from past exposure
or
Prior vaccination?
Host genetic factors
Immune status and age of host
Questions?

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